Bacillus sphaericus

Bacillus fragilis Bacillus lichemformis Bacillus megaterium Bacillus polymyxa Bacillus sphaericus... 

Decarboxylation. Decarboxylation of linear and aromatic carboxyUc acids and of amino acids is common and of practical interest. L-Lysine [56-87-1] (48) can be synthesized by stereospecific decarboxylation of meso- (but not DL-) aa -diaminopimehc acid [2577-62-0] (49). The reaction is catalyzed by Bacillus sphaericus and proceeds in quantitative yields (92). 

Preparation of 9a-F uoro-11, 17a,21 -Trihydroxy-16 Methy -1,4-Pregnadiene-3,20-Dione 21-Acetate 100 mg of 9a-f uoro-11(3,17a,21-trihydroxy-16(3-methyl-4-pregnene-3,20-dione 21-acetate was treated with selenium dioxide to produce the corresponding 9a-fluoro-11(3, 17a,21-trihydroxy-16(3-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione 21-acetate. Alternately, Bacillus sphaericus may be utilized. 

Methylprednisone-21 -ecetate Potassium bicarbonate Bacterium Bacillus sphaericus var. fusifermis Nutrient broth... 

Methylprednisone 21-acetate (0.5 g), when hydrolyzed by means of aqueous alcoholic potassium bicarbonate yields 16 fnethylprednisone. An alternative method of the preparation of the compound of this example is as follows. Bacillus sphaericus var. fusifermis (A.T.C.C. 7055) is incubated on a nutrient agar (composed of Bacto-beef extract, 3 g Bacto-peptone,... 

Bacillus sphaericus vat fusifermis Maprednisona Bacillus sub til is Bacitracin... 

FIG. 1 Freeze-etching image of a bacterial cell of (a) Desulfotomaculum nigrificans (bar, 100 nm). Atomic force micrographs of the S-layer proteins of (b) Bacillus sphaericus CCM 2177 and (c) Bacillus stearothermophilus PV72/p2 recrystallized in monolayers on silicon wafers. Bars, 50 nm. The insets in (b) and (c) show the corresponding computer-image reconstructions. 

FIG. 8 Electron micrographs of freeze-etched preparations of whole cells from (a, b) Bacillus sphaericus CCM 2120 exhibiting a square S-layer lattice or from (c, d) Thermoanaerobacter ther-mohydrosulfuricus Llll-69 carrying a hexagonally ordered S-layer lattice, (a, c) Native S-layer lattices (b, d) S-layer lattices after covalent binding of ferritin to carbodiknide-activated carboxylic acid groups of the S-layer protein. Bars, 100 nm. 

S-layer is crystalline bacterial cell surface layer of Bacillus coagulans E38-66/vl SUM is S-layer ultrafiltration membrane (Bacillus sphaericus CCM 2120). 

Mackowiack P.A. (1979) Clinical uses of microorganisms and their products, JMed, 67,293-306. Priest EG. (1992) Biological control of mosquitoes and other biting flies hy Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis. J Appl Bacterial, 72, 357-369. 

Kadiyala V, JC Spain (1998) A two-component monooxygenase catalyzes both the hydroxylation of -nitro-phenol and the oxidative release of nitrite from 4-nitrocatechol in Bacillus sphaericus JS905. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 2479-2484. 

Figure 11.3 Positive ion FIESMS spectra of crude cell extracts from Escherichia coli HB101 (A), Bacillus sphaericus DSM 28 (B), and Bacillus licheniformis NTCC 10341 (C). (D) A pseudo-3D plot of the first three discriminant functions (DF1-3) obtained from positive ion whole-cell DIESMS spectra of seven Bacillus subtilis strains (a-g) (E) the corresponding abridged dendrogram obtained from the same information as in D. (Adopted from Vaidyanathan et al.57)...

Ilk, N. Kosma, P. Puchberger, M. Egelseer, E. M. Mayer, H. F. Sleytr, U. B. Sara, M. Structural and functional analyses of the secondary cell wall polymer of Bacillus sphaericus CCM 2177 that serves as an S-layer-specific anchor. J. Bacterial. 1999,181,7643-7646. 

Priest, F. G. Ebdrup, L. Zahner, V. Carter, P. E. Distribution and characterization of mosquitocidal toxin genes in some strains of Bacillus sphaericus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997,63,1195-1198. 

Zahner, V. Momen, H. Priest, F. G. Serotype H5a5b is a major clone with mosquito-pathogenic strains of Bacillus sphaericus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 1998,21, 162-170. 

With the exception of some constituents such as high concentrations of calcium, dipicolinic aci d, and in Bacillus sphaericus, a, E-diaminopimelic acid, spore are similar to the vegetative cells in composition. 

Kilbane n, J. J., Enzyme from Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 53968, Bacillus sphaericus ATCC 53969 or a mutant thereof for cleavage of organic C-S bonds. Patent No. US5516677. 1996, May 14. 

These two strains, B. sphaericus strain ATCC 53969 and R. rhodochrous strain ATCC 53968 discovered by Kilbane as being capable of dibenzothiophene desulfurization were patented as two separate (European) patents [67,91], respectively. These two patents issued by 1991 also described the use of the enzymes derived from these organisms and their cell-free extracts for desulfurization applications. Both strains were reported to carry out selective cleavage of C—S bonds in organic carbonaceous materials. The organism, Bacillus sphaericus strain ATCC 53969, was, however, reported in Exxon patents, to be capable of C—C bond cleavage as well and therefore its ability to perform desulfurization without loss of fuel value is questionable. 

Kilbane II, J. J., Useful for cleavage of organic C—S bonds Bacillus sphaericus microorganism Patent No. US5198341. 1993, March 30. 

The sol-gel-entrapped microbial cells have shown excellent tolerance to different alcohols [99], The immobilized E. coli cells followed the Michaelis-Menten equation when quantified with the (3-glucosidase activity via the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-(3-D-galactopyranosdie [142], The sol-gel matrices doped with gelatin prevented the cell lysis, which usually occurs during the initial gelation process [143], Microorganisms are now widely used in the biosorption of different pollutants and toxicants. Bacillus sphaericus JG-A12 isolated from uranium mining water has been entrapped in aqueous silica nanosol for the accumulation of copper and uranium [144], Premkumar et al. [145] immobilized recombinant luminous bacteria into TEOS sol-gel to study the effect of sol-gel conditions on the cell response (luminescence). The entrapped and free cells showed almost the same intensity of luminescence (little lower), but the entrapped cells were more stable than the free cells (4 weeks at 4°C). This kind of stable cell could be employed in biosensors in the near future. 

The hydroxyl groups at C-2 and C-3 are not essential for the catalytic reaction. McNicol and Baker233 showed that the endopectate lyases of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus polymyxa degrade the Vi antigen, the bacterial-surface polysaccharide containing a-D-(1 — 4)-linked residues of 2-acetamido-3-0-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-galac-topyranuronate, in the same way as its O-deacetylated derivative and D-galacturonan. 

We have used a series of biocatalysts produced by site-directed mutations at the active site of L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) of Bacillus sphaericus, which expand the substrate specificity range beyond that of the wild-type enzyme, to catalyse oxidoreduc-tions involving various non-natural L-amino acids. These may be produced by enantiose-lective enzyme-catalysed reductive amination of the corresponding 2-oxoacid. Since the reaction is reversible, these biocatalysts may also be used to effect a kinetic resolution of a D,L racemic mixture. ... 

Two groups in particular have pioneered the practical application of PheDH from various bacterial species, namely those of Asano etal in Japan and Hummel etal. in Germany. Asano and his colleagues initially explored the application of PheDH to the chiral synthesis of the physiological substrate L-phenylalanine. The PheDH of Bacillus sphaericus was overexpressed in E. coll The issue of cofactor recycling was tackled by using the FDH of Candida hoidinil Importantly, these authors showed that both catalytic activities could be successfully... 

This enzyme [EC 1.4.1.20] catalyzes the reaction of l-phenylalanine with NAD and water to produce phenylpyruvate, ammonia, and NADH. The enzymes isolated from Bacillus badius and Sporosarcina ureae are highly specific for L-phenylalanine, whereas that isolated from Bacillus sphaericus also acts on L-tyrosine. 

Bacillus sphaericus phenylalanine dehydrogenase mutant (on celite)... 

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