Bacterial cell surface

Considerable work has been done to try to explain why quats are antimicrobial. The following sequence of steps is beheved to occur in the attack by the quat on the microbial cell (/) adsorption of the compound on the bacterial cell surface (2) diffusion through the cell wall (J) binding to the cytoplasmic membrane (4) dismption of the cytoplasmic membrane (5) release of cations and other cytoplasmic cell constituents (6) precipitation of cell contents and death of the cell. 

S-layer is crystalline bacterial cell surface layer of Bacillus coagulans E38-66/vl SUM is S-layer ultrafiltration membrane (Bacillus sphaericus CCM 2120). 

UB Sleytr, P Messner, D Pum, M Sara. Crystalline Bacterial Cell Surface Layers. Berlin Springer Verlag, 1988. 

P Messner, UB Sleytr. In IC Hancock, I Poxton, eds. Bacterial Cell Surface Techniques. Chichester, UK Wileys, 1988, pp 97-104. 

Hammond S.M., Lambert P. A RycroflA.N. (1984) The Bacterial Cell Surface. London CroomHelm. 

Bacteriophage T7 Bacteriophage T7 and its close relative T3 are relatively small DNA viruses that infect Escherichia coli. (Some strains of Shigella and Pasteurella are also hosts for phage T7.) The virus particle has an icosahedral head and a very small tail. The virus particle is fairly complex, with S different proteins in the head and 3-6 different proteins in the tail. One tail protein, the tail fiber protein, is the means by which the virus particle attaches to the bacterial cell surface. Only female cells of Escherichia coli can be infected with T7 male cells can be infected but the multiplication process is terminated during the latent period. 

Bacterial cell walls contain different types of negatively charged (proton-active) functional groups, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and phosphoryl that can adsorb metal cations, and retain them by mineral nucleation. Reversed titration studies on live, inactive Shewanella putrefaciens indicate that the pH-buffering properties of these bacteria arise from the equilibrium ionization of three discrete populations of carboxyl (pKa = 5.16 0.04), phosphoryl (oKa = 7.22 0.15), and amine (/ Ka = 10.04 0.67) groups (Haas et al. 2001). These functional groups control the sorption and binding of toxic metals on bacterial cell surfaces. 

Bacteria and their composites with soil minerals or organic matter are capable of taking up a wide range and variety of toxic metals in soil environments. Research done over the last decade or so has greatly improved our understanding of the mechanisms on biosorption of metals and bacte-ria-metal-soil component interactions. However, more studies from molecular level are needed in order to enhance the ability of bacteria and their association with soil components to remediate toxic metals-contaminated soils. The focus of future investigations should be on the mechanisms by which metals are sorbed and bound by bacterial cell surfaces and bacteria-soil/mineral composites. In this connection, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a promising technique because it can provide information about... 

THE ROLE OF ADHESION AND BACTERIAL CELL SURFACES IN THE PROMOTION OF PASSIVE SUBSTRATE TRANSFER... 

Alternative pathway, stimulated by binding to a bacterial cell surface. 

Fortin, D. Ferris, F.G. (1998) Precipitation of iron, silica, and sulfate on bacterial cell surfaces. Geomicrobiol. 15 309-324... 

One of the most serious consequences of (Gram-negative) bacterial infection is the possible development of septic shock. This is caused by the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) from the bacterial cell surface. Various anti-LPS monoclonals (mainly targeted at its lipid A component Chapter 3) have been developed. It is hoped that administration of such monoclonals to affected individuals would effectively mop up free LPS, hence ameliorating the severity of the condition. Most trial results to date have proved disappointing in this regard. 

As already mentioned, formation of glycosidic linkages between monomeric units of the carbohydrate-containing polymers of the bacterial cell-surface is catalyzed by membrane-bound glycosyltransferases, and glycosyl nucleotides are the usual glycosyl donors in the reaction. 

TERS experiments were performed to study the bacterial cell surface. Biju et al. combined silver island films on glass coverslips with an AFM to investigate the effect of electron-acceptor limitation on the outer cell membrane of Shewanella one.ide.nsis [103]. 

The novel sugars appear to be constituents of important bacterial cell-surface glycopolymers that contribute to pathogenesis. They are structurally related to sialic acids, which are essential components of animal... 

---