Autumn Bloom

Compounds other than ionone, and without ionone-like structures, derived from carotenoids are also of commerical importance. Safranal, CioHil(0 is isolated from the styles of the autumn blooming crocus and is accompanied by a C20H2A01) yellow pigment. The fresh saf ranal oil is very unstable, but it has a very strong and pleasant odor. It is used as an additive to violet-like perfumes and the results are very satisfying. Addition of tinctures of safranal to bitter and... 

In the western Baltic Sea, the autumn blooms constitute the most recurrent element of the annual succession. In this marine-influenced region, they are dominated by Ceratium... 

Autumn Bloom The autumn bloom is most prominent in the western Baltic Sea. In this marine-influenced region, the Ceratium blooms constitute the most recurrent element of the annual succession. This situation has not changed in the past 100 years (Wasmund et al., 2007). The diatom components of the autumn bloom change, however, from year to year. The autumn bloom in the Baltic Proper was strongest in the years 1988— 1990 and always dominated by Coscinodiscus granii. 

Escalera, L. et al., Follow up of an autumn bloom of Dinophysis acuta in NW Iberia along-shore transport versus in situ growth, in Programme and Abstracts of the XII International Conference on Harmful Algae, ISSHA, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4—8 September 2006, 169. 

Different varieties of daylilies can be in bloom from late spring until autumn. Individual flowers last only one day, but each plant produces many buds, and many varieties have more than one flowering period. 

Flowers appeared in the autumn of 1958 on plots treated with 40, 50, and 100 p.p.m. of potassium gibberellate and petiole elongation was noted on plants sprayed with 100 p.p.m. When the plants started to bloom in the spring, more flowers opened earlier on the plants sprayed with 10 and 20 p.p.m. of potassium gibberellate than on the unsprayed check plants. Plants in all plots started to bloom at about the same time. No other effects of the sprays were noted until harvest. 

These field studies indicate that sprays of potassium gibberellate in the autumn change the pattern of fruit production the following spring. It would appear that the flowers had all reached a similar stage of development at the bloom period on plots treated with 10 and 20 p.p.m. of the material. This is carried through to the harvest period, when more fruit is harvested early from the plots receiving these treatments. 

In sediments of the Kiel Bight, three periods of accumulation of organic material could be distinguished s in autumn, winter and spring (Fig. 7 Meyer-Reil, 1983). The enrichment of organic material during November could be traced back to the breakdown and sedimentation of the autumn phytoplankton bloom composed of dinoflagellates and... 

As shown for sediments of the Kiel Bight, bacteria reacted to the "autumn-" and "spring-input", respectively, with two separate peaks. The first peak already occurred when concentrations of organic material started to accumulate in the sediment surface. This demonstrates that bacteria almost immediately responded to the availability of decomposable organic material. The second peak in bacterial parameters coincided with the main input of organic material following the final breakdown and sedimentation of the phytoplankton blooms (Fig. 8). 

The bacterial population faced with the "autumn-input" was derived from an anoxic population (fermentative bacteria, sulfate reducers) which prevailed during summer stagnation. Within this population the input of freshly produced organic material caused a drastic shift. Bacteria primarily reacted with a strong increase in cell volume (biomass production). Deviating from its "normal" distribution (cf. above), the size spectrum was dominated by medium and large-size cells. Following the final breakdown and sedimentation of the autumn phytoplankton bloom, the bacteria subsequently responded with cell division (increase in cell number). 

Base upon studies of diurnal fluctuations at a shallow water sediment in the Kiel Bight (cf. above), a bacterial net production of 80 mg of carbon per m2 per day was calculated. Further estimates of bacterial production were derived from investigations of seasonal varaitions in bacterial biomass at two sediment stations in deeper waters of the Kiel Bight. As response to the input of the phytoplankton bloom in autumn, bacterial production amounted to 140 and 370 mg of carbon per m2 per day (sandy-mud and muddy sediment, respectively). The corresponding values in spring were 300 and 120 mg of carbon per m2 per day, respectively (cf. Table 1). As it was pointed out above, these values well... 

Some of the highest numbers for the Hemiaulus-Richelia symbioses were reported in the western tropical North Atlantic (WTNA). Carpenter et al. (1999) observed an extensive bloom off the NE coast of South America in autumn of 1996. They reported cell densities from 10 to 10 Richelia Recently, in the same vicinity as the study of Carpenter et al. (1999), Foster et al. (2007) reported extremely high niJH gene copy (>10 copies L ) abundances (proxy for cell abundances) for Richelia associated H. hauckii and Rhizosolenia clevei. In addition, they found within the plume waters of the Amazon River runoff a positive correlation between salinity and the abundance of the H. hauckii-Richelia abundance (Foster et al, 2007). 

The olive tree has persistent leaves, blooms in the spring, and produces mature fruits in the late autumn or winter. The unripe fruits are green and bitter, while ripe fruits are purple to black in color. The bitterness of the green, unripe fruits can be removed by soaking them in a solution which is alkaline (high pH) or is saturated with salt. Once the bitterness has been removed, green olives are typically pickled in a salt solution for later eating. 

These hardy, autumn-flowering corms are not crocuses, despite their common name. Pink, white, or purple, 2 "-4 "tall flowers bloom without foliage, which comes up in early spring and dies off by midsummer. Narrow dark green leaves grow 6"-12" tall. 

Plant bulbs in early autumn as soon as they are available. Handle carefully to avoid bruising, and don t let them dry out before planting. Set bulbs 6" deep in humus-rich, moist, very well drained soil under partial shade. Plants bloom in early spring choose a site that offers protection from late frosts. Water during bloom. Well-grown fritillaries are troubled by few pests or diseases. 

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