Western Baltic

Swaileh, K.M. and D. Adelung. 1994. Levels of trace metals and effect of body size on metal content and concentration in Arctica islandica L. (Mollusca Bivalvia) from Kiel Bay, western Baltic. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 28 500-505. 

Schneider, R. 1982, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cod tissues from the Western Baltic Significance of equilibrium partitioning and Upid composition in the bioaccumulation of lipophilic pollutants in gill-breathing animals. Meeresforschung 29 69—79. 

Baumard, P., Budzinski, H., Garrigues, P., Dizer, H., Hansen, P.D., 1999. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in recent sediments and mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the western Baltic Sea Occurrence, bioavailability and seasonal variations. Mar. Environ. Res. 47, 17-47. 

Hlawatsch, S., T. Neumann, C.M.G. van den Berg, M. Kersten, J. Harff, and E. Suess. 2002. Fast-growing, shallow-water ferro-manganese nodules from the western Baltic Sea Origin and modes of trace element incorporation. Afar Geol. 182 373-387. 

Becker, K. and Wahl, M., Influence of substratum surface tension on biofouling of artificial substrata in Kiel Bay (Western Baltic) in situ studies, Biofouling, 4, 275, 1991. 

Andren, T.A., and Sohlenius, G. (1995) Late Quaternary development of the north-western Baltic proper—results from the clay-varve investigation. Quart. Inti. 27, 5-10. 

Additionally, micrometeorological methods have been applied to measure NH3 fluxes in coastal areas. For example, S0rensen Geemaert et al. (1998) measured the vertical NH3 profile above the seasurface in the Kattegat Strait (western Baltic Sea) and found a flux of NH3 to the seasurface. Recently, Biswas et al. (2005) applied a similar technique and could show that the Sundarban mangrove forest (northeastern Bay of Bengal) was a sink of atmospheric NH3. 

Kiel Bight, Western Baltic Aurelia aurita scyphozoan medusae 17 (1982) Schnieder (1989)... 

Schneider, G. (1989). The common jellyfish Aurelia aurita Standing stock excretion and nutrient regeneration in the Kiel Bight, Western Baltic. Mar. Biol. 100, 507—514. 

Hartmann M. and Nielsen H. (1969) Delta 34S-Werte in rezenten Meeressedimenten und ihre Deutung am Beispiel einiger Sedimentprofile aus der westlichen Ostsee. Delta-34S values in recent marine sediments and their significance, with examples from sediment profiles from the western Baltic sea. Geol. Rundsch. 58(3), 621-655. 

Moreover, the period of the second mode of the system Western Baltic to Gulf of Finland is close to the period of the diurnal tide. Therefore, the Baltic Sea reacts also resonantly to the diurnal sea level variations at their entrances that are excited by diurnal tides propagating from the North Sea into the Kattegat. 

TABLE 3.2 Shallow Water Moorings in the Western Baltic Sea, Developed, Installed, and... 

In the early 1970s, several temporary buoy stations were installed in the shallow western Baltic Sea off the coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (cf. Table 3.2) to improve technical details for installation and running of buoy stations (Muller, 1974). These stations were equipped with mechanical current meters of the LSK type or of the Russian current meter Alexejev and with photothermographs for measuring temperature (Franck, 1976). 

Francke, E., Nehring, D., RechUn, O., 1978. Oceanographic and fishery biological effects on the inflow patterns in the western Baltic in autumn 1976. Annales Biologiques, 33, 40-41. 

Lange, W., 1987. Statistical results of current measurements in the western Baltic Sea. Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the Baltic Oceanographers, Copenhagen, pp. 316-335. 

The gales of the southern Baltic Sea develop repeatedly from very strong low pressure waves, which spread from the North Sea and achieve their full development as a gale only over the western Baltic Sea (Fig. 4.4). 

Those are on one hand—according to the topographic situation of the western Baltic Sea—weather conditions with strong northwest storms, the cyclonic northwest situation (NWz), and on the other hand weather conditions with strong to stormy northeast winds, the northeast situation (NE) with their subtype, the notorious Vb-situation. 

Northwest and northeast situations are therefore of greatest importance for the formation of a Baltic Sea storm surge in the western Baltic Sea because the strength and the path length of the wind over the free water surface of the Baltic Sea, that is, the fetch, are the crucial properties. 

FIGURE 4.23 Map of the western Baltic Sea. The Fehmarnbelt between the islands of Fehmarn and Lolland is guiding north-westerly winds toward Warnemunde. 

Additionally, the northwest wind becomes focused and even more strengthened by the nearly funnel-like shape of the two straits and the mostly parallel shorelines of the islands. Thus, a strong wind is blowing over the free western Baltic Sea, hitting the coast at Warnemunde with full power. 

Thus the Warnemiinder wind direction from northwest—besides the continuous wind around northeast— belongs to the group of wind directions that are capable to cause storm surges (See Section 4.2.2), with focus on the western Baltic Sea. 

Averaged current data from the western Baltic are presented. They provide statistical estimates of local current characteristics in the narrow straits, the Arkona Sea, and around the island of Rtigen. 

FIGURE 6.1 Current observations in the western Baltic Sea. DAS, DRS, OB, and W26 are permanent stations. The sampling locations are shown with their mooring identifiers. Mooring identifiers for Fehmarnbelt observations (dotted box) are given in Fig. 6.2. 

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