Bacteria fermentation

Defining I, B Schink (1989b) Two new species of anaerobic oxalate-fermenting bacteria, Oxalobacter vibrioformis sp. nov., and Clostridium oxalicum sp. nov., from sediment samples. Arch Microbiol 153 79-84. 

Benz M, B Schink, A Brune (1998) Humic acid reduction by Propionibacterium freudenreichii and other fermenting bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 4507-4512. 

Quinones, lipid-soluble substances involved in electron transport, can also be used as biomarkers. Lipski et al. (155) u.sed quinone analyses, physiological tests, and fatty acid profiles to differentiate Gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria isolated from biofilters. Quinone type was found to be an efficient method to group isolates prior to the analysis of results from the physiological tests. The detection of quinones appears to be restricted to the discrimination of isolated colonies and has limited potential to the analysis of mixed populations. 

A. Lipski, S. Klatte, B. Bendinger, and K. Altendorf, Differentiation of gram-negative, non-fermentative bacteria isolated from biofilters on the basis of fatty acid composition, quinone system, and physiological reaction profile, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58 2060 (1992). 

Reactive Orange 96 Anaerobic culture of sulfate-reducing bacteria, methanogens, and fermentative bacteria Sulfate-reducing bacteria removed 95% of the dye in 40 h. Methane producing bacteria did not contribute in dye removal. Fermentative bacteria could remove only 30% of the dye in 90 h [186]... 

We thus come to the remarkable conclusion that, beyond doubt, Leeuwenhoek in his experiment with the fully closed tube had cultivated and seen genuine anaerobic bacteria, which would happen again only after 200 years, namely, about 1862 by Pasteur. That Leeuwenhoek, one hundred years before the discovery of oxygen and the composition of air, was not aware of the meaning of his observations is understandable. But the fact that in the closed tube he observed an increased gas pressure caused by fermentative bacteria and in addition saw the bacteria, prove in any case that he not only was a good observer, but also was able to design an experiment from which a conclusion could be drawn. 

Denitrifying bacteria Mn- or Fe-reducing bacteria Sulfate reducing bacteria Sulfate reducing bacteria Fermenting bacteria... 

Biotreatment of Hazardous Waste by Anaerobic Fermenting Bacteria... 

Bacterial ferredoxins function primarily as electron carriers in ferredoxin-mediated oxidation reduction reactions. Some examples are reduction of NAD, NADP, FMN, FAD, sulfite and protons in anaerobic bacteria, CO -fixation cycles in photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen fixation in anaerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria, and reductive carboxylation of substrates in fermentative bacteria. The roles of bacterial ferredoxins in these reactions have been summarized by Orme-Johnson (2), Buchanan and Arnon (3), and Mortenson and Nakos (31). 

In addition, the antibiotics and other bacteriocins were originally detected in lactic acid bacteria, but were later also found in other Gram-positive microorganisms [28]. Lactic acid bacteria are a group of non-spore-forming, anaerobic fermentative bacteria within the Gram-positives with low GC content. 

Romano, A. H., Trifone, J. D. and Brustolon, M. 1979. Distribution of the phosphoenolp-yruvate glucose phosphotransferase system in fermentative bacteria. J. Bacteriol 139, 93-97. 

Other products can be produced in fermentative bacteria but the central feature of all these pathways is the strict maintenance of the oxidation-reduction balance within the fermentation system. This gives rise to another important tool in assessing fermentation pathways—a mass balance of the substrate and products. The amount of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the fermentation products (including cells) must correspond to the quantities in the substrate utilised. 

The ammonium ion (NH4+), produced by fermentative bacteria that use nitrite as an oxidant, or produced during the decomposition of organic materials, is an important source of nitrogen for many plants and bacteria. Nevertheless, under vigorous aerobic conditions much of the NH4+ so produced is converted back to nitrite and nitrate by nitrifying bacteria. 

The bacterial population faced with the "autumn-input" was derived from an anoxic population (fermentative bacteria, sulfate reducers) which prevailed during summer stagnation. Within this population the input of freshly produced organic material caused a drastic shift. Bacteria primarily reacted with a strong increase in cell volume (biomass production). Deviating from its "normal" distribution (cf. above), the size spectrum was dominated by medium and large-size cells. Following the final breakdown and sedimentation of the autumn phytoplankton bloom, the bacteria subsequently responded with cell division (increase in cell number). 

Presumably an enzyme similar to that described for marine algae converted DMSP to DMS and acrylate with subsequent fermentation of the latter compound (2,4). Clearly, similar fermentative bacteria may be common in... 

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