Autonomous differences

With the assertion of autonomous differences, the young person, through words and actions, signifies that the departure into independence has begun. Now plans and preparations and the first steps toward living more independently are underway. "I m ready to go " declares the adolescent, soon discovering that he or she is really not, because some part of the young person doesn t want to leave. 

The N-terminal A/B region whose structure has not yet been defined contains a transcriptional activation function, referred to as activation function 1 (AF-1), which can operate autonomously. The length and sequence of the A/B region in the different NRs are highly variable, revealing a very weak evolutionary... 

A peripheral nerve comprises different axons responsible for different modalities. It may contain efferent myelinated motor fibres, efferent unmyelinated autonomic fibres... 

There are two major classes of problems to be investigated (NA) nonautonomous, and (A) autonomous.15 In each of these two classes appear two subclasses (NR) nonresonance oscillations, and (R) resonance oscillations. The treatment of these cases is slightly different. 

Autonomous Systems.—The preceding argument, at least in principle, holds also for the autonomous systems but, as was mentioned in Section 6-17, the parameters here are different. In fact instead of p1 and p2 we have here only one P but, in addition, there appears here another parameter, r, the nonlinear period correction. 

Smooth muscle cell activity is in general under neural control. Thus, the many transmitters of the autonomic nervous system are paired with receptors on the smooth muscle cell membrane. One of the current questions about smooth muscle function is What intracellular processes are the different transmitters modulating in the smooth muscle cells, in addition to their effects on the contractile state ... 

Action potentials, self-propagating. Action potentials of smooth muscle differ from the typical nerve action potential in at least three ways. First, the depolarization phases of nearly all smooth muscle action potentials are due to an increase in calcium rather than sodium conductance. Consequently, the rates of rise of smooth action potentials are slow, and the durations are long relative to most neural action potentials. Second, smooth muscle action potentials arise from membrane that is autonomously active and tonically modulated by autonomic neurotransmitters. Therefore, conduction velocities and action potential shapes are labile. Finally, smooth muscle action potentials spread along bundles of myocytes which are interconnected in three dimensions. Therefore the actual spatial patterns of spreading of the action potential vary. 

Figure 1. A depiction of the several different ionic currents necessary for the acute function of neuromuscular transmission in the skeletal motor and the efferent autonomic nervous system. The boxed current designations are associated, by the arrows, with those cellular regions where their physiological role is most evident, although these currents often exist in other regions of the cell. = neurotransmitter-activated current ...

Sander D, Klingelhofer J. Extent of autonomic activation following cerebral ischemia is different in hypertensive and normotensive humans. Arch Neurol 1996 53(9) 890-894. 

The so-called inferior group (B1-B4) projects mainly to brainstem nuclei, the head nuclei of some cranial nerves and the spinal cord. This means that these neurons are well placed for serving a key role in regulation of motor activity, autonomic function and nociception. In addition, there are numerous interconnections between the different... 

In addition to changes within the nerve, sympathetic afferents become able to activate sensory afferents via as yet poorly characterised a-adrenoceptors. These interactions between adjacent sensory and autonomic nerve axons and between ganglion cells result in excitation spreading between different nerve fibres. These peripheral ectopic impulses can cause spontaneous pain and prime the spinal cord to exhibit enhanced evoked responses to stimuli, which themselves have greater effects due to increased sensitivity of the peripheral nerves. 

This chapter is organized as follows. In Section II, we briefly summarize the findings of the geometric TST for autonomous Hamiltonian systems to the extent that it is needed for the present discussion. Readers interested in a more detailed exposition are referred to Ref. 35, where the field has recently been reviewed in depth. We restrict our discussion to classical mechanics. Semiclassical extensions of geometric TST have been developed in Refs. 70-75. Section III discusses the notion of the TS trajectory in general and its incarnation in different specific settings. Section IV demonstrates how the TS trajectory allows one to carry over the central concepts of geometric TST into the time-dependent realm. 

Because energy is not conserved in a time-dependent system, it is not meaningful to ascribe a certain energy to a TS trajectory in the way that the fixed point and the NHIM in an autonomous system exist at different energies. Instead, there is typically a single TS trajectory that is uniquely defined by the... 

OCPs, different types of clinical deviations in the nervous system were observed asthenia (23.6%), asthenoautonomic syndrome (28.1%), and autonomic vascular disruptions (34.5%) almost 40% suffered from an enlarged liver, 33.8% from toxic hepatitis, and 84.2% from disruptions in kidney functions. 

Nurse I was wondering whether if you have different Cdk levels the cell might switch from one state to another, or whether there are cell autonomous effects once you are in a certain condition you are either one state or the other ... 

Describe how the neuroeffector junction in the autonomic nervous system differs from that of a neuron-to-neuron synapse... 

Synapses between the autonomic postganglionic neuron and effector tissue — the neuroeffector junction — differ greatly from the neuron-to-neuron synapses discussed previously in Chapter 5 (see Table 9.1). The postganglionic fibers in the ANS do not terminate in a single swelling like the synaptic knob, nor do they synapse directly with the cells of a tissue. Instead, the axon terminals branch and contain multiple swellings called varicosities that lie across the surface of the tissue. When the neuron is stimulated, these varicosities release neurotransmitter over a large surface area of the effector tissue. This diffuse release of the neurotransmitter affects many tissue cells simultaneously. Furthermore, cardiac muscle and most smooth muscle have gap junctions between cells. These specialized intercellular communications... 

Different opinions can be found about the status of analytical chemistry as being a branch of chemistry independent from other chemical disciplines or being a physical discipline (Green [ 1992]), or even being an autonomous science, occasionally called Analytics or Analytical Sciences. On the other hand, wide agreement can be stated about the aim to obtain information on matter via representative samples and the inclusion of structural information. Remarks on the general importance of analytical signals can be repeatedly found. 

Equation (13) appears to be a good approximation for describing isothermal chemiluminescence kinetics for homogeneous systems where oxidation takes place uniformly. However, as has been shown by several authors [53-58], the different sections of a polymer sample may oxidize with its autonomous kinetics determined by different rates of primary initiation. A chemiluminescence imaging technique revealed that the light emission may be spread from some sites of the polymer film and the isothermal chemiluminescence vs. time runs are then modified, particularly in the stage of an advanced oxidation reaction [59]. 

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