Emission automobile smoke

Noninterfering Optical Single-Particle Counter Studies of Automobile Smoke Emissions... 

Carbon monoxide is found in varying concentrations in unventilated and confined spaces resulting from partial oxidation of carbonaceous matter. Burning wood, paper, kerosene, or other organic materials in inadequate air can produce this gas. It also is found in automobile exhaust and tobacco smoke emissions. 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Inhalation (automobile exhaust, smoking, emissions from municipal waste incinerators, chemical industries and metal manufacturing industries) ingestion (wastewater facilities, groundwater near landfills) absorption occupational exposure. 

Workplace exposure limits for benzene have been regulated to levels as low as 0.5 ppm (43). Industrial emissions affecting the pubHc ate now low enough that the EPA considers that a greater hazard exists from mosdy indoor sources such as smoking, automobile exhausts, and consumer products (44). 

Nitro-substituted PAH have received increased attention as an important class of environmental pollutants. They have been detected in an ample variety of sources, including automobile exhaust fumes, wood and cigarette smoke, kerosene heater flue, emissions of coal-driven power stations and grilled meat. These subjects have been reviewed472,473. 

Her predecessor on the chair as Minister of Environment and Energy, Birgitta Dahl (now speaker for the Parliament), had shown the way almost a decade earlier. In April 1989, in front of an audience from the Stockholm Worker s Commune, Mrs. Dahl claimed that automobile emissions had passed cigarette smoking as the main cause of lung cancer in Sweden The SCC appointed by Mrs. Dahl s own party comrades had found that air pollution accounted for not more than about one percent of all cancers in the Swedish population. But why should a Minister of Environment bother about checking scientific information ... 

Isoprene occurs in the environment as emissions from vegetation, particularly from deciduous forests, and as a by-product in the production of ethylene by naphtha cracking. In the United States, the total emission rate of isoprene from deciduous forests has been estimated at 4.9 tonnes per year, with greatest emissions in the summer. The global annual emission of isoprene in 1988 was estimated to be 285 000 thousand tonnes. Isoprene is produced endogenously in humans. It has also been found in tobacco smoke, gasoline, turbine and automobile exhaust, and in emissions from wood pulping, biomass combustion and rubber abrasion (United States National Library of Medicine, 1997). 

Transportation sources, particularly automobiles, are a major source of air pollution and include smoke, lead particles from tetraethyl lead additives, CO, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons. Since the mid-1960s there has been significant progress in reducing exhaust emissions, particularly with the use of low-lead or no-lead gasoline as well as... 

Urban air pollution remains an issue of much public concern. While it is true that in many cities the traditional problems of smoke and S02 from stationary sources are a thing of the past, new problems have emerged. In particular, the automobile and heavy use of volatile fuels have made photochemical smog a widespread occurrence. This has meant that there has been a parallel rise in legislation to lower the emission of these organic compounds to the atmosphere. 

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