Auditory potential

Mammals are attractive models to study ototoxicity, since the anatomical characteristics of the inner ear and drug-dependent inner ear pathologies are similar to humans. Experimental designs generally include the measurement of auditory potentials (mostly nonin-vasive ABRs) and postmortem evaluation of cochlear pathology. Overall, mammalian models are an essential step in translational research. 

Marsh, J. T. and Worden, F. G. (1964) Auditory potentials during acoustic habituation cochlear nucleus, cerebellum and auditory cortex. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 17, 658-692. 

Brix R, Gedlicka W (1991) Late Cortical Auditory Potentials Evoked by Electrostimulation in Deaf and Cochlear Implant Patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaiyngol 248(8) 442-444... 

M. Mariam, W. Delb, F. 1. Corona-Strauss, M. Bloching, and D. J.Strauss (2009) Comparing the habituation of the late auditory potentials toloud and soft sounds. PhysiolMeas 30 141-153. 

Rebert CS, Day VL, Matteucci MJ, et al. 1991. Sensory-evoked potentials in rats chronically exposed to trichloroethylene Predominant auditory dysfimction. Neirrotoxicol Teratol 13 83-90. 

Tharion, W., Kobrick, J., Lieberman, H. and Fine, B., Effects of caffeine and diphenhydramine on auditory evoked cortical potentials. Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, 707-715, 1993. 

NS (general population) Neurological Altered auditory evoked potential latency and decreased hearing acuity in children 4-60 Holdstein et al. 1986 Robinson et al. 1985 Schwartz and Otto 1987... 

Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) latency (Holdstein et al. 1986 Otto et al. 1985 Robinson et... 

Holdstein Y, Pratt H, Goldsher M, et al. 1986. Auditory brain stem evoked potentials in asymptomatic lead-exposed subjects. J Laryng Otol 100 1031-1036. 

Lasky RE, Maier MM, Snodgrass EB, et al. 1995. The effects of lead on otoacoustic emissions and auditory evoked potentials in monkeys. Neurotoxicol Teratol 17 633-644. 

Lilienthal H, Winneke G. 1996. Lead effects on the brain stem auditory evoked potentials in monkeys during and after the treatment phase. Neurotoxicol Teratol 18 17-32. 

Robinson GS, Baumann S, Kleinbaum D, et al. 1985. Effects of low to moderate lead exposure on brainstem auditory evoked potentials in children Environmental health document 3. Copenhagen, Denmark World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 177-182. 

Robinson GS, Keith RW, Bomschein RL, et al. 1987. Effects of environmental lead exposure on the developing auditory system as indexed by the brainstem auditory evoked potential and pure tone hearing evaluations in young children. In Lindberg SE, Hutchinson TC. eds. International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, Vol. 1, New Orleans, LA. September. Edinburgh, UK CEP Consultants, Ltd., 223-225. 

However, the effects were more marked for ginseng and were accompanied by reductions in frontal alpha waveband activity and decreased latency of the P300 component of the auditory evoked potential, a result that suggests more efficient stimulus assessment. 

Hair cells are the sensory cells of the auditory and vestibular systems 835 Hair cells are exposed to unusual extracellular fluids and potentials 836 Mechanical transduction depends on activation of ion channels linked to extracellular and intracellular structures 836 Some of the molecules responsible for hair-cell transduction have been identified 838... 

The endolymphatic compartment of the auditory system is at an elevated potential (about +80 mV) this endocochlear potential increases the driving force on K+ yet more, producing additional transduction current. Some mutations that cause deafness affect either K+ levels in the endolymph or the endolymphatic potential itself. 

Araki, S. (1992). Auditory event-related potential (P300) in relation to peripheral nerve conduction in workers exposed to lead, zinc, and copper Effects of lead on cognitive function and central nervous system. Amer. J. bid. M (Ed.), 21(4) 39-547. 

Co-exposure to -hexane and xylene resulted in a loss of auditory sensitivity in male Sprague-Dawley rats (Nylen et al. 1994) as measured by the auditory brainstem response. Exposure to -hexane or xylene alone at 1,000 ppm for 61 days for 18 hours a day caused a slight loss of auditory sensitivity when measured 2 days after the end of exposure. Simultaneous exposure to w-hexane and xylene (1,000 ppm each) caused a greater and persistent loss of auditory sensitivity which was greater than the sum of effects of exposure to w-hexane and xylene separately. These effects were still observed 4 and 10 months after exposure ended. In contrast, combined exposure to -hexane and xylene partially reversed the decreased nerve conduction velocities and action potential amplitudes observed in the group treated with 77-hexane alone. These effects were persistent from 2 days to 10 months after cessation of exposure. 

Reeves RR, Struve FA, Patrick G. (1999). The effects of caffeine withdrawal on cognitive P300 auditory and visual evoked potentials. Clin Electroencephalogr. 30(1) 24-27. 

Patrick G, Straumanis JJ, Struve FA, Nixon F, Fitz-Gerald MJ, Manno JE, Soucair M. (1995). Auditory and visual P300 event related potentials are not... 

Lomax et al. (2000) explored the potential for microarrays to investigate the involvement of genes in the recovery of hearing loss following noise frauma. The chick basilar papilla model was used. Noise exposure is known to cause the loss of hair cells in the basilar papilla. However, birds have the ability to regenerate these hair cells on the auditory epithelium and thus serve as useful models for sfudying hearing loss and recovery. 

The Neurophysiology Sensory Evoked Potentials test guideline (OPPTS 870.6855) is designed to detect and characterize changes in the sensory aspects of nervous system function that result from exposure to chemical substances. The techniques involve neurophysiological measurements from adult animals and are sensitive to changes in the function of auditory, somatosensory (body sensation), and visual sensory systems. 

---