Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption

Klemm W, Baumeach G (1995) Trace element determination in contaminated sediments and soils by ultrasonic slurry sampling and Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Fresenius J Anal Chem 353 12-15. 

ZGFAAS Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry... 

Zeeman Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry... 

Zong, Y. Y., Parsons, P. J., and Slavin, W. (1998). Background correction errors for lead in the presence of phosphate with Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta B 53 1031-1039. 

C. Minoia, S. Caroli (eds), Applications of Zeeman Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in the Chemical Laboratory and in Toxicology, Pergamon, New York, 1992. 

Krynitsky has studied the preparation of biological tissue for the determination of arsenic by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry has been used to determine organoarsenic compounds in horse urine . 

D. Chakraborli, D.C.J. Hillman, K.J. Irgolic, and R.A. Zingaro, Hitachi Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer as a selenium-specific detector for ion chromatography. Separation and determination of selenite and selenate, j. Chromatogr., 249,81,1982. 

Minoia C and Caroli S, eds. (1992) Applications of Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in the chemical laboratory and in toxicology. Pergamon, Oxford. 

Microscale solvent extractions involving the extraction of 2.5 ml sample with 0.5 ml of an organic solvent solution of a chelate give detection limits for lead and cadmium by the Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method of 0.6 and 0.02 pg/1, respectively. This is equivalent to determining 1.2 ppm cadmium in polymers (assuming the digest of 10 mg of polymer is made up to 20 ml). 

Nixon, D. E., Moyer, T. P., and Burritt, M. F. (1999), The determination of selenium in serum and urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry comparison with Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochim.Acta, Part B 54(6), 931. 

Fig. 2.2. Ion chromatograms of a synthetic river water (277 mg chloride, 69 mg sulfate, 5 mg 1 phosphate) spiked with 400 micrograms selenium as selenite and 400 micrograms selenium as selenate recorded with a conductivity detector and a Hitachi Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS) as the selenium-specific detector (Dionex Model 16 ion chromatograph, 1.0 ml sample, 50 x 3 mm anion precolumn Dionex 30008 mobile phase 0.008 M aqueous Na2C03, 0.46 ml min 150 X 3 mm anion separator column Dionex 30589 250 x 3 mm anion suppressor column Dionex 30066. GFAAS drying 120°, 60 sec no ashing atomization 2500°, 6 sec Se lamp 10 niA, 196.0 nm 80 sec between injections retention time in min). Redrawn from the Journal of Chromatography [9] by permission of Elsevier Science Publishers and the authors.

Ellen G, Van Loon JW. 1990. Determination of cadmium and lead in foods by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction Test with certified reference materials. Food Addit Contam 7 265-273. 

Many of the published methods for the determination of metals in seawater are concerned with the determination of a single element. Single-element methods are discussed firstly in Sects. 5.2-5.73. However, much of the published work is concerned not only with the determination of a single element but with the determination of groups of elements (Sect. 5.74). This is particularly so in the case of techniques such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Zeeman background-corrected atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. This also applies to other techniques, such as voltammetry, polarography, neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluroescence spectroscopy, and isotope dilution techniques. 

Bishop [75] determined barium in seawater by direct injection Zeeman-modulated graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The V203/Si modifier added to undiluted seawater samples promotes injection, sample drying, graphite tube life, and the elimination of most seawater components in a slow char at 1150-1200 °C. Atomisation is at 2600 °C. Detection is at 553.6 nm and calibration is by peak area. Sensitivity is 0.8 absorbance s/ng (Mo = 5.6 pg 0.0044 absorbance s) at an internal argon flow of 60 ml/min. The detection limit is 2.5 pg barium in a 25 ml sample or 0.5 pg using a 135 ml sample. Precision is 1.2% and accuracy is 23% for natural seawater (5.6-28 xg/l). The method works well in organic-rich seawater matrices and sediment porewaters. 

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with the L vov platform and Zeeman background correction has been applied to the determination of down to 0.02 xg/l manganese in seawater [452]. 

U. Heitmann, M. Schutz, H. Becker-Ross and S. Florek, Measurements on the Zeeman-splitting of analytical lines by means of a continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer with a linear charge coupled device array, Spectrochim. Acta Part B, 51, 1996, 1095-1105. 

Dube P. 1988. Determination of chromium in human urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman-effect background correction. Analyst 113 917-921. 

Lewis SA, Hardison NW, Veillon C. 1986. Comparison of isotope dilution mass spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction for determination of plasma selenium. Anal Chem 58 1272-1273. 

Chakraborti D, Burguera M and Burguera JL (1993) Analysis of standard reference materials after microwave-oven digestion in open vessels using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and Zeeman-effect background correction. Fresenius J Anal Chem 347 233-237. 

Nixon. D.E., Moyer, T.P., Squillace, D.P. and McCarthy, J.T. (1989). Determination of serum nickel by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman-effect background correction Values in a normal population and a population undergoing dialysis. Analyst 114,1671-1674. 

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is an excellent method to provide sub-ng/mL minimum detection limits [110]. Continuing advancements such as Zeeman correction, and stabilized temperature platform furnaces, have made GFAAS an effective analytical method for magnesium determination. Depending on the sample matrix, pretreatment can vary from direct analysis of fluids, to wet mineralization, dry ash, acid extraction, and by using PPRs (e.g., Triton X-100). 

Destructive techniques these are techniques in which the sample is decomposed by a reagent and then the concentration of the element in the aqueous extract determined by a physical technique such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS Section 11.1.1), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS Section 11.1.2), cold vaponr atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS Section 11.1.4), Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (ZAAS Section 11.1.5), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES Sections 11.1.6 and 11.1.8), visible spectrometry (Section 11.1.13), or polarographic or anodic scanning voltammetric techniques (Section 11.1.14). 

Kimberly. M. Determination of Cadmium in Urine by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Zeeman Background Correction." Centers for Disease Control. Atlanta, Georgia, unpublished, update 1990. 

M.-S. Chan and S.-D. Huang. Direct determination of cadmium and copper in seawater using a transversely heated graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer with Zeeman-effect background corrector. Talanta 51 373-380, 2000. 

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