Asthma drugs

Leath TM, Singla M, Peters SP (2005) Novel and emerging therapies for asthma. Drug Discov Today 10 1647-1655... 

Discuss important preadministration and ongoing assessment activities the nurse should perform on the patient taking the bronchodilators or anti asthma drugs. 

List some nursing diagnoses particular to a patient taking a bronchodilator or an anti asthma drug. 

SUM MARY DRUG TABLE ANTI ASTHMA DRUGS... 

C2 aH1gO]1 Lactone, acid Asthma drug (57) W486... 

And finally, Structure 5.2 and Spectrum 5.8 show a classic example of a 1,2,4 tri-substituted benzene ring, (a well known anti-asthma drug, salbutamol). Obviously, the scope for variation in these systems is vast ... 

Asthma is the most serious of the atopic diseases and has become epidemic, affecting more than 155 million individuals in the developed world. It is the most common chronic childhood disease in developed nations [1], and carries a very substantial direct and indirect economic cost worldwide [2]. A number of pharmacological treatments have been developed for asthma. These treatments have a modest efficacy overall, due in part to widely variable individual responses to asthma drugs. Because of such variability, it is clear that some of the substantial resources expended on asthma medication, estimated to exceed U.S. 3 billion per annum in the U.S. alone [3], would be better spent targeting those patients who... 

Figure 13.4 presents the mass spectrum and distribution of the molecular ion of salbutamol (mass 240 u), the asthma drug, which is commercially produced as a coating on micron-sized sugar beads. For analysis a Bi3++ cluster gun was used. Before measurements the sample was sprayed onto a silicon substrate in order to disperse the beads [7],... 

Shafiee, A., Motamedi, H. and King, A., Purification, characterization and immobilization of an NADPH-dependent enzyme involved in the chiral specific reduction of the keto ester M, an intermediate in the s3mthesis of an anti-asthma drug, montelukast, from Microbacterium campoquemadoensis (MB5614). App/. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 1998, 49, 709-717. 

Jarvis, B., and Markham, A. (2000) Montelukast—a review of its therapeutic potential in persistent asthma. Drugs. 59, 891-928. 

Table 11.1 Examples of asthma drug response pathways and pharmacogenetic target genes...

Rea HH, Garrett JE, Lanes SE, Birmann BM, Kolbe J. (1996) The association between asthma drugs and severe life-threatening attacks. Chest. 110, 1446-1451. 

It is important to include all age ranges that are of clinical importance. Development of an anti-asthma drug, for example, should include a programme of evaluation in children as well as adults because they will form a significant portion of the database and risk-benefit considerations will be different. Development of an anti-arthritis compound, on the other hand, will be undertaken predominantly in older patients and particularly detailed information on efficacy and safety in the elderly will be required. 

Markham A, Faulds D. Theophylline. A review of its potential steroid sparing effects in asthma. Drugs 1998 56 1081-91. 

Application of Chiral Antiproduct intermediate schiztosomiadal drug Anti-asthma drug Prepolymer Chiral intermediate... 

February 18 The FDA warns that popular asthma drugs Advair, Symbi-cort, Foradil, and Serevent, should be used only when other medications do not work, and even then for the shortest time possilbe. Studies find an increase in adverse events from the drugs. 

There is also continuous interaction throughout the review process. For example, over roughly six years, the sponsor, Merck Research Laboratories of West Point, Pa., and the FDA had several face-to-face meetings and about 28 teleconferences regarding the asthma drug Singulair (montelukast sodium). 

S. M. Holliday, D. Faulds, and E. M. Sorkin, Inhaled fluticasone propionate. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in asthma, Drugs 47 318 (1994). 

A good example is 21 needed for the synthesis of the GSK anti-asthma drug salbutamol 20. This ketone 21 could be made by a Friedel-Crafts acylation of 22, which turns out to be salicylic acid, with acetyl chloride. 

The anti-asthma drug salbutamol 64, better known as GSK s Ventolin , is closely related to adrenaline 65. The extra carbon atom, marked with a black blob in 64, prevents dangerous side effects on the heart and the t-butyl group makes the drug longer lasting. 

Asthma drugs attack from three different fronts [3, 9-12] ... 

It is known that the antibiotic rifampicin increases the amount of drug metabolizing enzyme present in the liver and consequently increases the rate of elimination of a wide range of other drugs. This experiment is designed to detect whether rifampicin affects the metabolic removal of the anti-asthma drug theophylline. Any such interaction could be of real practical importance. A marked increase in the elimination of theophylline would result in inadequate treatment of the patient s asthma. 

Chemists at Glaxo exploited this reactivity sequence in their synthesis of the anti-asthma drug, salmefamol (sister of the best seller salbutamol, which will be discussed in Chapter 25). Three reducing agents are used in the sequence sodium borohydride (NaBH lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) and hydrogen gas over a palladium catalyst. 

Anon (2006) Omalizumab for severe asthma Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin 44 86-88. 

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