Assessment of Impact

Protocol deviations in the processing phase of the study must be reported to the Study Director without delay. The Study Director will determine any potential impact upon the study that would result from the protocol deviation and will advise the PPI how to proceed with the study. Regardless of the form of communication by which the Study Director is notified of the protocol deviation, a formal description of the protocol deviation must be written by the PPI and submitted to the Smdy Director for an assessment of impact on the study. The assessment of impact by the Study Director should address any scientific and GLP compliance issues. A signed copy of the deviation report is included with the raw data notebook. 

In the scenario for the controlled landfill site the treatment of effluent from the site by sewage treatment and the incineration of the sludge are taken into account. An additional scenario is made for an uncontrolled landfill site, assuming DEHP emissions. However, in an uncontrolled landfill site not only DEHP will emit from the site but also other toxic releases like heavy metals. So the results presented for the uncontrolled landfill site are an underestimation. For a more realistic assessment of impacts related to the uncontrolled landfill of PVC, additional estimates are necessary for the emissions of (toxic) releases. As a consequence, the impact assessment score for human and aquatic ecotoxicity for the uncontrolled landfill site will increase. The relative contribution of DEHP to these scores will decrease because also other emissions which are in the present assumptions are now lacking, like heavy metals, will contribute to the score. 

Riley J (2001b) Indicator quality for assessment of impact of multidisciplinary systems. Agric Ecosys Environ 87 121-128... 

Poon, C., Benak, T. and Gould, R. (1990). Assessment of impact damage in toughened resin composites. Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 13, 81-97. 

Friedrich R (2007) Improving and applying methods for the calculation of natural and biogenic emissions and assessment of impacts to the air quality. Final project activity report 2007. http //natair.ier.uni-stuttgart.de/. Accessed March 2011... 

Shimokawa, S. Murakami, T. Iizuka, S. Yoshino, J. Yasuda, T. (2014a). A New Typhoon Bogussing Scheme to Obtain the Possible Maximum Typhoon and its Application for Assessment of Impacts of the Possible Maximum Storm Surges in Ise and Tokyo Bays in Japan, Natural Hazards, Vol. 74, pp. 2037-2052, doi 10.1007/ S11069-014-1277-2. 

Hebert, P.D.N. and Murdoch Luiker, M. (1996) Genetic effects of contaminant exposure -towards an assessment of impacts on animal populations. Sci. Total Environ., 191, 23-58. Hendrick, P.W. (1986) Genetic polymorphism in heterogeneous environments a decade later. 

Zaki, M.L, Hasan, M.A., and Pasupulety, L., Surface reactions of acetone on AljO, TiOj, ZrO-, and CeOji IR spectroscopic assessment of impacts of the surface acid-base properties, Langmuir, 17, 768, 2001. 

Topping CJ, Odderskaer P. 2004. Modeling the influence of temporal and spatial factors on the assessment of impacts of pesticides on skylarks. Environ Toxicol Chem 23 509-520. 

Hebert PDN and Luiker MM, Genetic effects of contaminant exposure—Towards an assessment of impacts on animal populations, Sci. Total Environ, 191, 23, 1996. 

The pioneering approach to impact assessment, the Leopold Matrix, was developed by Dr. Luna Leopold and others of the United States Geological Survey [6,10,74-75]. The matrix was designed for the assessment of impacts associated with almost any type of construction project. Its main strength is as a checklist that incorporates qualitative information on cause-and-effect relationships, but it is also useful for commimicating results. 

R Jones, S C Galea and J Paul, Assessment of Impact Damage in Composite Structures, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, ARL-TR-23, Australia, 1993. 

The quantitative assessment of impacts making use of natural science based indicators along a cause-effect chain is the so-called concept of category indicators, on which LCIA according to the ISO Standards is based. It implies three manda-... 

Provisional assessment of impact caused by reconstruction upon safety. 

Assessment of impacts on assets (concentration of humans and assets, economic impacts, mutual dependences, reliability). 

Likewise at the risk there is evaluated the occurrence probability, so also at crisis potential it is evaluated the crisis condition occurrence probability, namely including the assessment of impacts that are mentioned as the relevant disruption of functions of elements and processes of the critical infrastructure. 

The Izod test is used mostly in the United States and the United Kingdom [British Standard (BS) 2782, Method 306A]. The notched specimen is firmly clamped in a vertical position in a vise fixed in the base of the apparatus (Fig. 1). A pendulum fitted with a striker head of 3.2-mm radius, falling from a height of 0.61 m (ASTM) or 0.31 m (BS), hits the specimen horizontally at a point above the notch. At least 10 samples are required to obtain a satisfactory assessment of impact strength. 

Derivation of discharge limits is important in order to keep releases of radionuclides into the environment at an acceptable level. The derivation of such limits for waste management facilities is a planned activity widiin the RADWASS programme [3]. Although the preferred approach to radioactive waste management is concentration and containment of radionuclides rather tl dilution and dispersion in the environment radioactive substances may be released within authorized limits and also through the reuse of materials. When radionuclides are released into the environment, species other than humans should be taken into consideration. The presence of humans should generally be assumed in the assessment of impacts on the environment. 

A Section 9 permit must include a habitat conservation plan (HCP) consisting of an assessment of impacts measures that will be undertaken to monitor, minimize, and mitigate any impacts alternative actions considered and an explanation of why they were not taken and any additional measures that the FWS may require (USFS, 2011). Mitigation measures, which are actions that reduce or address potential adverse effects of a proposed... 

---