Heterogeneous environments

In general terms, bioremediation involves multiphase but heterogeneous environments, such as soils in which the contaminant is present in association with the soil particles, dissolved in soil liquids, and in the soil atmosphere. Because of these complexities, successful bioremediation depends on an interdisciplinary approach involving microbiology, biochemistry, and engineering. 

Edge, R., Land, E.J., McGarvey, D.J., Burke, M., and Truscott, T.G. 2000. The reduction potential of the 3-carotene +/ 3-carotene couple in an aqueous micro heterogeneous environment. FEBS Lett. 471 125-7. Edge, R., El-Agamey, A., Land E.J., Navaratnam, S.,and Truscott, T.G. 2007. Studies of carotenoid one-electron reduction radicals. Arch. Biochem. Biopys. 458 104—110. 

Edge, R, Land, EJ, McGarvey, DJ, Burke, M, and Truscott, TG, 2000a. The reduction potential of the beta-carotene+ /beta-carotene couple in an aqueous micro-heterogeneous environment. FEBS Lett 471, 125-127. 

All these results lead to a more precise representation of the heterogeneous environment of the metal in various sites of surface tantalum hydride, taking into account mono- and tris-hydrides as well as the varying presence of siloxy bridges close to metallic centers (Scheme 2.19). 

If strong fluorescence of M is found, it will be a fluorescent M" probe to monitor ET/HT phenomena in homogeneous and heterogeneous environment with a high sensitivity. DMP showed a fluorescence stronger than TMB in DCE [150,163]. 

MRI to characterize hydrodynamics within reactors is already established. The extent to which the potential of MR to study both hydrodynamics and chemical conversion is fully realized will depend on our ability to integrate the well-established MR spectroscopy techniques in liquid- and solid-state NMR into imaging pulse sequences, and still provide quantitative data in the magnetically heterogeneous environments typical of catalysts and reactors. 

In the presence of decaying plant material a large variety of organic ligand molecules are made available to the metals released from decomposing soil and rock. It is believed that in such a heterogeneous environment the preceding preferences by the metals for certain donor atoms are followed. 

Watzin, M.C., McIntosh, A.W., Brown, E.A., Lacey, R., Lester, D.C., Newbrough, K.L. and Williams, A.R. (1997) Assessing sediment quality in heterogeneous environments a case study of a small urban harbor in Lake Champlain, Vermont, USA, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16 (10), 2125-... 

The different biological properties of NO and HNO can be partially explained by the high reduction potential for NO and the slow rate of deprotonation of HNO. However, HNO is a mild reductant (163, 164), and biomolecules such as ferricyt c (170) and SOD (83, 84) are reduced, at least formally, by HNO donors, resulting in formation of free NO. The relevance of these and other reactions that have been observed with purified biomolecules to the complex, heterogeneous environments of cells and tissue can be determined by elucidation of the chemical biology of HNO. This process includes identification of potential reactions, mechanistic determinations, and systematic comparisons of relative reaction rates, particularly for modification of biological targets in relation to consumption pathways. 

The basic outline of the heterogeneous dielectric media method is to divide the total system into two subsystems. The solvated molecule is encapsulated in a cavity C which is given by the surfaces and 2 . The cavity is surrounded by a heterogeneous environment given by two part Sm and St. The two dielectric media are in contact with the cavity through the surfaces Xm and 2,. Each of the two dielectric media is taken to be a linear, homogeneous and isotropic dielectric medium and is characterized by a scalar, optical, inertial or static dielectric constant. As an illustration, we consider two dielectric media, Sm and Sh characterized by the dielectric constants em and eh respectively, with the following spatial positions ... 

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