Ascariasis

Ascaris lumbricoides Ascariasis roundworm disease Ascaris pneumonia... 

The drug of choice for nematode infestations (hookworm, enterobiasis, and ascariasis) is mebendazole, while ivermectin is indicated for strongyloidiasis and praziquantel is indicated for tapeworms. 

Griesemer, R.A., Gibson, J.P. and Elsasser, D.S. (1963) Congenital ascariasis in gnotobiotic dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 143, 962-964. 

Murrell, K.D., Eriksen, L., Nansen, P., Slotved, H.C. and Rasmussen, T. (1997) Ascaris suum a revision of its early migratory path and implications for human ascariasis. Journal of Parasitolog 83, 255-260. 

It would thus appear that parasitic infections, especially ascariasis, stimulate the production of IgE. Filipinos with roundworm infestation had markedly elevated levels of IgE in their sera (R5), and raised IgE levels were associated with Toxocara canis (H6). 

Piperazine is an alternative drug and is used for treatment of various forms of nematodes, in particular for enterobiasis and ascariasis. It causes paralysis in the nematode by blocking acetylchohne transmission. This causes the parasite to detach from the mucous membrane, where it is removed from the body. Ascariasis requires treatment for 2 days, and enterobiasis, for 7 days. Synonyms of this drug are tasnon, uvilon, antepar, bexin, and many others. 

The following drugs also are indicated in Ascariasis. Piperazine citrate (if intestinal or biliary obstruction) thiabendazole. 

Albendazole has an even broader spectrum of activity than mebendazole. Its indications include pin-worm infection, ascariasis, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis and hookworm infections. It is the preferred agent for inoperable cases of hydatid disease. 

Piperazine is an appropriate alternative to mebendazole for the treatment of ascariasis, especially in the presence of intestinal or biliary obstruction. Cure rates of more than 80% are obtained following a 2-day regimen. 

Mebendazole is used primarily for the treatment of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, E. vermicularis, and hookworm infections, in which it produces high cure rates. It is an alternative agent for the treatment of trichinosis and visceral larva migrans. Owing to its broad-spectrum anthelmintic effect, mixed infections (ascariasis, hookworm infestation, or enterobiasis in association with trichuriasis) frequently respond to therapy. High doses have been used to treat hydatid disease, but albendazole is now thought to be superior. 

D. In the United States intestinal helminths produce mild disease with nonspecific findings. Piperazine or pyrantel pamoate may be used for the treatment of ascariasis. Mebendazole is an effective drug to be taken for 3 days. Thiabendazole is not used in this condition but is used commonly in strongyloidiasis. Albendazole at a single dose of 400 mg is the preferred mode of therapy. It is a... 

Trichuriasis, ascariasis, hookworm PO 1 tablet in morning and at bedtime for 3 days. Enterohiasis PO 1 tablet one time. 

Albendazole (9.117), a benzimidazole carbamate, is a broad-spectrum oral antihelminthic used for cysticercosis, ascariasis, pinworm infestation, and hookworm infestation. It is thought to work by blocking microtubule synthesis in the nematode, subsequently impairing glucose uptake. 

It is a broad spectrum anthelmintic effective in pinworm, ascariasis and hook worm infestation. It exerts its action by producing persistent nicotinic receptor activation which results in spastic paralysis of worms. 

It is mainly indicated in scabies, ascariasis trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, enterobiasis, filariasis, onchocerciasis (River blindness) and elephantiasis. It is drug of choice for onchocerciasis producing long lasting reduction in microfilaria without affecting adult worm. 

Albendazole, a broad-spectrum oral antihelminthic, is the drug of choice and is approved in the USA for treatment of hydatid disease and cysticercosis. It is also used in the treatment of pinworm and hookworm infections, ascariasis, trichuriasis, and strongyloidiasis. 

Benzimidazoles are thought to act against nematodes by inhibiting microtubule synthesis. Albendazole also has larvicidal effects in hydatid disease, cysticercosis, ascariasis, and hookworm infection and ovicidal effects in ascariasis, ancylostomiasis, and trichuriasis. 

Mebendazole is indicated for use in ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm and pinworm infections, and certain other helminthic infections. It can be taken before or after meals the tablets should be chewed before swallowing. For pinworm infection, the dose is 100 mg once, repeated at 2 weeks. For ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm, and trichostrongylus infections, a... 

Piperazine is an alternative for the treatment of ascariasis, with cure rates over 90% when taken for 2 days, but it is not recommended for other helminth infections. Piperazine is available as the hexahydrate and as a variety of salts. It is readily absorbed, and maximum plasma levels are reached in 2-4 hours. Most of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine in 2-6 hours, and excretion is complete within 24 hours. 

For ascariasis, the dosage of piperazine (as the hexahydrate) is 75 mg/kg (maximum dose, 3.5 g) orally once daily for 2 days. For heavy infections, treatment should be continued for 3-4 days or repeated after 1 week. 

For ascariasis, a single dose yields cure rates of 85-100%. Treatment should be repeated if eggs are found 2 weeks after treatment. For hookworm infections, a single dose is effective against light infections but for heavy infections, especially with N americanus, a 3-day course is necessary to reach 90% cure rates. A course of treatment can be repeated in 2 weeks. 

Bethony J et al Soil-transmitted helminth infections ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Lancet 2006 367 1521. [PMID 16679166]... 

Aletris formosuna (Hayata) Sasaki A. spicata French Fei Jin Cao (Chinese stargrass) (root) Stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, diosgenin.54 Antitussive, vermifugal, for ascariasis, marasmus, cough. 

Carpesium abrotanoides L. C. athunbergianum Sieb. et Zucc. He Shi or Tian Min Qing (Starwort) (whole plant, fruit) Essential oils, inlin.49 Ascariasis, enterobiasis, taeniasis, antiphlogistic in pharyngitis, tracheitis, laryngitis. 

Omphalia lapidescens . Lei Wan (sclerotium)50 Glucan, OL-2.209 Antitumor, treat ascariasis, taeniasis, ankylostomiasis. 

Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb. et Zucc. Wu Mai (Black plum) (fruit) Prudomenin, malic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, amygdalin.33-53 Treat biliary ascariasis and hookworm. 

Juan, J.O., Lopez Chegne, N., Gargala, G. and Favennec, L. (2002) Comparative clinical studies of nitazoxanide, albendazole and praziquantel in the treatment of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hymenolepiasis in children from Peru. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96, 1 93-1 96. 

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