Architecture controller

Architectural control of transition metal-directed assembly to construct well-arranged metallo-macrocycles is one of the current research areas to create organized nanostructures for advanced materials.510-513... 

Soft and topologically adaptable supramolecular modules that allow host lattices to achieve dense packing through low-energy deformations, while retaining their inherent dimensionality and supramolecular connectivity, can facilitate the systematic design of molecular inclusion compounds. This is demonstrated by the ability to predict and maintain architectural control in a series of lamellar host frameworks. 

C. S. Chin, V. Chubukov, E. R. Jolly, J. DeRisi, and H. Li, Dynamics and design principles of a basic regulatory architecture controlling metabolic pathways. PLoS Biol. 6(6), el46 (2008). 

Winningham MJ, Sogah DY. A modular approach to polymer architecture control via catenation of prefabricated biomolecular segments polymers containing parallel /8-sheets templated by a phenoxathiin-based reverse turn mimic. Macromolecules 1997 30 862-876. 

In Chapter 7 Carlise and Week discuss the design and synthesis of multifunctio-nalized, architecturally controlled polymers as a prerequisite for a variety of future... 

Self-assembly is essentially chemical fabrication. Like macroscale fabrication techniques, self-assembly allows a great deal of design flexibility in that it affords the opportunity to prepare materials with custom shapes or morphologies. The advantages of self-assembly include an increased level of architecture control and access to types of functionality unobtainable by most other types of liquid-phase techniques. For example, it has been demonstrated that materials with nonlinear optical properties (e.g., second harmonic generation), which require noncen-trosymmetric structures, can be self-assembled from achiral molecules. 

Juetten, P.G. and Allen, G.R., An Image Processor Architecture, Control Data Corporation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1977. 

To synthesise polymers with unusual properties from existing basic monomers one needs to place the monomer units in ordered arrays rather than at random. Thus polymer architecture control remains an important area of research. Possible structural elements include block, graft and comb copolymers as well as star and dendritic/hyperbranched topographies. Potential for such structures in the surface coatings and adjacent industries include use as... 

It is beyond the scope of this book to go into further details of comparing structural organization in synthetic and biological macromolecules. We cannot resist noting however, that one may consider as the ultimate goal of polymer materials chemistry to synthesize exact and accurate structures of the appropriate monomers in well-defined systems to achieve required functions. Differences in properties and function between man-made polymer parts and biomaterials made up of natural biomacromolecules may well be related to differences in their primary structure and architectural control. Proteins and nucleic acids are precisely defined in their... 

PPV-b-PS made by anionic polymerization, exhibits the same lamellar morphology observed with copolymers made by ATRP. This result confirms the good architecture control that CRP can provide for these copolymers. This study also confirms the unique transition between ordered lamellae and isotropic phase with the coil volume fraction. However, a transition between nematic and smetic C phases in the PPV lamellae has been also shown. This behavior is characteristic of a weakly segregated system. 

High-temperature applications of perovskite-type membrane reactors require improved material performances and operational stability. The reactor microstruc-ture and architecture controls were found to be crucial for thermo-mechanical integrity and oxygen permeation kinetics. A multilayer reactor was developed, using second-phase particles to control its microstructure and a co-sintering process to control its architecture. 

The evolution of olefin polymerization systems over the last 45 years has involved a prolific coupling of polymer science with organometallic chemistry. Successes include the development of catalysts that rival the activities of enzymes and systems that yield polymers possessing structural fidelities approaching 100%. - Central to this success has been a refined understanding of reaction mechanisms and a translation of this understanding into architectural control with specifically designed catalysts. However, despite... 

In the initial candidate architecture (control structure), a decision is made to introduce a human operator in order to supervise robot movement as so many of the hazards are related to movement. At the same time, it may be impractical for an operator to monitor aU the activities so the first version of the system architecture is to have the TTPS control system in charge of the non-movement activities and to have both the TTPS and the control room operator share control of movement. The safety-guided design process, including STPA, will identify the implications of this decision and wUl assist in analyzing the allocation of tasks to the various components to determine the safety tradeoffs involved. 

In the candidate starting architecture (control structure), there is an automated robot work planner to provide the overaU processing goals and tasks for the... 

In summary, we have briefly reviewed our understanding in the development of organo-soluble aromatic polyimides via molecular design and architecture control and the establishment of relationships between the anisotropic structure and properties in the films. These anisotropic structures and properties are also found to be film thickness and molecular weight dependent. In particular, the LOA behavior has led to a invention where these aromatic polyimide films can be used as UNB retardation compensators in LCDs to increase viewing angles. This technology initiated from our researches has been commercialized to produce compensators for wide applications in LCDs,... 

Certainly one of the most interesting applications lies in the control of architecture (control of hole and electron injecting and active layers) in very thin electroluminescent devices. The existence of a precursor polyelectrolyte Pre-PPV (39,90,91) of the electroluminescent material poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) (PPV) (92) makes it possible to fabricate polyion multilayer film architectures, in which the Pre-PPV can subsequently be converted to PPV by thermal annealing (19,34-38,87,88,93). The first electroluminescent devices have been prepared and it was found that devices as thin as 13 nm emit light (88). Tum-on voltages of less than 2 V are required to generate light (35) and even an influence of the film architecture on the luminescent properties has been observed (88). However, the structural details of these films are presently not understood and it is not clear how device properties are influenced by film composition and architecture. We have recently shown that the thermal conversion of Pre-PPV to PPV can be carried out with preservation of a layered structure. These results were obtained by neutron reflectometry on... 

Controlled radical polymerization techniques are suitable for synthesizing polymers with a high level of architectural control. Notably, they not only allow a copolymerization with functional monomers (as shown previously for free-radical polymerization), but also a simple functionalization of the chain end by the initiator. Miniemulsion systems were found suitable for conducting controlled radical polymerizations [58-61], including atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), RAFT, degenerative iodine transfer [58], and nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). Recently, the details of ATRP in miniemulsion were described in several reviews [62, 63], while the kinetics of RAFT polymerization in miniemulsion was discussed by Tobita [64]. Consequently, no detailed descriptions of the process wiU be provided at this point. 

Jiao, A., Trosper, N.E., Yang, H.S., Kim, J., Tsui, J.H., et al. Thermoresponsive nanofabricated substratum for the engineering of three-dimensional tissues with layer-by-layer architectural control. ACS Nano 8,4430-4439 (2014)... 

DUNCAN R., A Survey of Parallel Computer Architectures, Control Data Corporation, IEEE Computer, February, 1990. 

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