Halogenated aliphatic compounds

Di- and poly-halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. No general procedure can be given for the preparation of derivatives of these compounds. Reliance must be placed upon their physical properties (b.p., density and refractive index) and upon any chemical reactions which they undergo. 

The addition of halogenated aliphatics to carbon-carbon double bonds is the most useful type of carbon-carbon bond forming synthetic method for highly halogenated substrates Numerous synthetic procedures have been developed for these types of reactions, particularly for the addition of perfluoroalkyl iodides to alkenes using thermal or photolytic initiators of free radical reactions such as organic peroxides and azo compounds [/]... 

Attention has been particularly devoted to the application of nanoscale particles of zero-valent iron, and a range of halogenated aliphatic compounds has been examined. 

Vannelli T, M Logan, DM Arciero, AB Hooper (1990) Degradation of halogenated aliphatic compounds by the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Mfro omowa europaea. Appl Environ Microbiol 56 1169-1171. 

Janssen DB, A Scheper, L Dijkhuizen, B Witholt (1985) Degradation of halogenated aliphatic compounds by Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJIO. Appl Environ Microbiol 49 673-677. 

Sonier DN, NLDuran, GB Smith (1994) Dechlorination of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) by sulfate-reducing bacteria from an aquifer contaminated with halogenated aliphatic compounds. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 4567-4572. 

Bouwer, EJ. and McCarty, P.L., Transformations of 1- and 2-carbon halogenated aliphatic organic compounds under methanogenic conditions, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 45, 1286-1294, 1983. 

Semprini, L., 1997, In Situ Transformation of Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds under Anaerobic Conditions In Subsurface Remediation (edited by C. H. Ward, J. A. Cherry, and M. R. Scalf), Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI, pp. 429-450. 

Butler, E. C., and K. F. Hayes, Kinetics of the transformation of halogenated aliphatic compounds by iron sulfide , Environ. Sci. Technol., 34,422-429 (2000). 

Reaction CXXXII. Action of Aliphatic Halogen Compounds on Aliphatic or Aromatic Primary Amines.—Secondary, tertiary and quaternary compounds may be formed. 

HOMO only showed significant correlations for halogenated aliphatic and for small molecules within alcohol and carboxylic acid groups. Aromatic compounds and larger molecules did not correlate well. 

For one-carbon halogenated aliphatics, HOMO decreases as the number of chlorines increases. HOMO is a measure of the ability of a compound to donate electrons (i.e., to act as a nucleophile or undergo oxidation) therefore, an increase in chlorine numbers increases the reactivity of the molecule. The dataset is chloromethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. HOMO represents 99.90% of the variance in the linear regression equation. The probability of getting a correlation of -0.9995 for a sample size of four is less than 2%. 

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