Applications in medical field

Now days we talk about active constituents of phyto drugs. An active constituent is truly responsible for therapeutic activity of medicinal plant. The extracts are further subjected to chemical tests for identification of the plant constituents. The isolated constituents are of further importance to the pharmaceutical industry for applied research. A number of constituents like hyperforin, schizandrins, huperzine, andrographolide, andpicrrorhizin are being investigated for application in medical field. 

Before the PHA production cost can be brought to the point where it can compete with conventional plastics, high value added application in medical fields should be the real destination of PHA. As these polymers possess not only excellent mechanical properties and processability but also good biocompatibility, their application as tissue engineering materials looks very promising. 

Surfaces with densely grafted bmshes act as solid lubricants and find application in medical fields including artificial... 

Hollow waveguides have emerged as a very attractive alternative to solid-core IR waveguides because of the inherent advantage of their air core. However, only a few applications in medical and industrial fields have been reported. 

Janssen et al. [144] focused their work on ozonization of polyvinyl lactam, grafting with hydrophilic methacrylic monomers for applications in the field of contact lenses and other products used in the medical domain. The most studied polymer remains the poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone which is ozonized either in solid state or in aqueous solution. This activation step leads to three hydroperoxides per chain but also to chain scissions. The resulting product is formulated with different mixtures of methacrylic and dimethacrylic monomers to graft them onto activated polymer by UV initiation. Using dimethacrylic monomers lead to perfect cross-linked polymers presenting excellent resistance to solvents. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of action of ozone onto polyvinyl lactams do not seem to have been studied in detail. 

Because of the extraordinary supramolecular structure and exceptional product characteristics as high-molecular and high-crystalline cellulosics with a water content up to 99%, nanocelluloses require increasing attention. This review assembles the current knowledge in research, development, and application in the field of nanocelluloses through examples. The topics combine selected results on nanocelluloses from bacteria and wood as well as their use as technical membranes and composites with the first longtime study of cellulosics in the animal body for the development of medical devices such as artificial blood vessels, and the application of bacterial nanocellulose as animal wound dressings and cosmetic tissues. 

The goal of Chapter 6 is to familiarize investigators in biological and medical research with mass spectrometry and its potential applications in these fields, with the anticipation that it will encourage and enable them to utilize MS in their research. An attempt has been made to provide a clear basic description of the modern mass spectrometers and of the most relevant types of experiments that they can perform. Discussed also are the advantages and drawbacks of the different methods in the context of biological research with examples of the ability of mass spectrometry to solve problems in this field of research. 

Enzymatically coupled FETs have reached the stage of development where their application to practical sensing problems in various analytical fields is possible. Applications in the field of medical diagnostics are most frequent, although a few are used for the control of bioprocesses, for example, a fermentation bioreactor (12, 49). 

Some recent examples including uses as super hydrophobic surfaces [142], medical composites of spun fibers, generating scaffolds for cell attachment [138], thermoplastic elastomers [139], as a supramolecular electrolyte in a dye-sensitized solar cell [190], as a method to align polymer chains [191], or as supramolecular polymer composites [192] have been discussed previously. Still there is ample space to be explored and there definitely will be many more patents and applications in this field. 

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