Animal wound dressing

Because of the extraordinary supramolecular structure and exceptional product characteristics as high-molecular and high-crystalline cellulosics with a water content up to 99%, nanocelluloses require increasing attention. This review assembles the current knowledge in research, development, and application in the field of nanocelluloses through examples. The topics combine selected results on nanocelluloses from bacteria and wood as well as their use as technical membranes and composites with the first longtime study of cellulosics in the animal body for the development of medical devices such as artificial blood vessels, and the application of bacterial nanocellulose as animal wound dressings and cosmetic tissues. 

To avoid all these drawbacks new wound dressing materials have been tested. So, PEO/PVA hydrogel, crosslinked by electron beams, has been synthesized and tested as dressing on animals wounds. Wounds dressed with a hydrogel healed almost completely within 14 days, while those using gauze were only half-healed within that time. Clinical tests confirmed the safety and effects of this product [234],... 

Test or control material is applied either onto or imder an occlusive dressing to the abraded or unabraded shaved skin of animals. Wound... 

Because animal wounds are usually extensively damaged and contaminated a primary wound dressing is often not successful. The damaged skin will become necrotic in a few days and stitches are not stable. Furthermore, in distal limbs with lower blood circulation, higher tension at the edges, lower temperatures, and hyperplastic granulation, delayed healing occurs. 

Collagen, being a major protein of connective tissues in animals, is widely distributed in skin, bones, teeth, tendons, eyes, and most other tissues in the body and accounts for about one-third of the total protein content in mammals. It also plays an important role in the formation of tissues and organs and is involved in various cells in terms of their functional expression. Collagen as a biomaterial has been used for repair and reconstruction of tissues and as an agent for wound dressing. 

Test or control material is applied either onto or under an occlusive dressing to the abraded or unabraded shaved skin of animals. Wound healing can be assessed by applying large (for example 1 g/1 kg) topical doses of test material to an epithelial wound (for example, an incision) and monitoring wound healing over a period of 14 days. 

Modern-day diets are composed of foods from all five Continents and often reflect the elemental compositions of the soil used to grow those crops and to raise the animals, as mentioned in Chapter 2, it has been estimated that a human eats approximately 8 kg of soil during a lifetime. Thus, a varied and ample diet will probably protect against trace-metal deficiencies for most of a lifetime. However, the reduction in physical activity, in circulation, and in appetite in later life, may lead to less trace elements being taken in. Thus, it is often advisable to increase the concentrations of such trace metals for older persons, to counteract their lower presence in the smaller diets see Wound Dressings, page 70). 

Starch dialdehyde acetalated with pullulan was applied as a cathode-mix binder in dry-cell batteries1363 and in contact lenses.1364 It was also reported that starch dialdehyde, after animation with ethylenediamine and crosslinking with 1,5-pentandial, immobilized trypsin.1411 This preparation was proposed as a component of wound dressing. 

Uses Hemostatic agent for styptic powders, wound dressings, poultices, animal grooming... 

Major Applications Black matrix, i color filter,n photoresists, 2 sensors, inks, rodenticide, hair dyes,is cosmetics, detecting dental carious tissue, Escherichia coli, antimalarial agenfi o wound dressing material, treatment of cancer,22 medical devices23 Safety/Toxicity Toxicity to aquatic animals,24 carcinogenicity25... 

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