Apple lipid composition

Examining the role of membrane lipid composition in determining the ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol,... 

Bathe, B., Moeckel, B. et al. (2002) Expression of genes of lipid synthesis and altered lipid composition modulates L-glutamate efflux of Corynehacterium glutamicum. Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol, 58, 89-96. 

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Vollherbstschneck K, Sands JA, Montenecourt BS. (1984). Effect of butanol on lipid-composition and fluidity of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Appl Environ Microbiol, 47, 193-194. 

Hekmat D, Bauer R, Fricke J (2003) Optimization of the microbial synthesis of dihydroxyacetone from glycerol with Gluconobacter oxydans. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 26 109-116 Huffer S, Clark ME, Ning JC, Blanch HW, Clark DS (2011) Role of alcohols in growth, lipid composition, and membrane fluidity of yeasts, bacteria, and archaetu Appl Environ Microbiol... 

Nakayama K, Kitada S, Kinoshita S (1961) Studies on lysine fermentation I. The control mechanism on lysine accumttlation by homoserine and threonine. J Gen Appl Microbiol 7 145-154 Nampoothiri KM, Hoischen C, Bathe B, Mockel B, Pfefferle W, Krumbach K, Sahm H, Eggeling L (2002) Expression of genes of Upid synthesis and altered lipid composition modulates L-glutamate efflttx of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 58 89-96... 

Cherian, G., Campbell, A., Parker, T., 2009. Egg quality and lipid composition of eggs from hens fed Camelina saliva. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 18, 143-150. 

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The composition of hpids on the surface of leaves, stems, and fruits is quite different from that of hpids that form intracellular membranes. Their role is the protection of sensitive plant tissues against the loss of water and other biologically important volatiles. Waxes (i.e., esters of FA with monofunctional alcohols) are the most important components of these lipids. Some plant waxes are of commercial importance, such as camauba or candellila wax. They are solid at room temperature and in temperate climates, with the exception of liquid jojoba wax, and are plastic or even liquid in tropical climates. They contain bound saturated long-chain FA and alcohols. Waxes on the surface of apples and other fruits from temperate zones are solids or semisolid pastes, consisting of terpenes, ceryl cerotate, ceryl palmitate, and other esters. In the wax from lettuce leaves, higher alcohols prevail, with only small amounts of free FA (Bakker et al., 1998). Other components, such as alkanes, ketones, esters, secondary alcohols, were detected in other vegetables (e.g., in kale or rutabaga). 

M. (1991) The effects of nutrients and temperature on biomass, growth, lipid production, and fatty acid composition of Cyclotella cryptica Reimann, Lewin, and Guillard. Appl Biochem. Biotechnol, 28-29, 317-326. 

Men shov, V. A. Shishkina, L. N. Kishkovskii, Z. N. Effect of Biosorbents on the composition, content and antioxidative properties of lipids in medinm. AppL Biochem. Microbiol, 1994, 30(3), 359-369. 

There is supporting evidence that apples and apple components upregulate the composition and the activity of the gut microbiota and may improve biomarkers related to cardiometabohc disease. Data from animal studies represent a stronger evidence base compared with more limited data from human studies which are scarce and often inconsistent. Beneficial effects on key CVD risk markers such as blood pressure and vascular function are limited, whereas evidence for antiinflammatory activities and beneficial effects of apples and apple components on glucose and insulin levels has been mainly derived from in vitro and animal studies. The strongest effects are related to blood lipid levels where a frequent apple consumption of approximately three apples per day has been... 

Kosmala M, Kolodziejczyk K, Zdunczyk Z, Juskiewicz J, Boros D. Chemical composition of natural and polyphenol-free apple pomace and the effect of this dietary ingredient on intestinal fermentation and serum lipid parameters in rats. / Agric Food Chem. 2011 59(17) 9177—9185. Aprikian O, Duclos V, Guyot S, et al. Apple pectin and a polyphenol-rich apple concentrate are more effective together than separately on cecal fermentations and plasma lipids in rats. / Nutr. 2003 133(6) 1860—1865. 

Lemieux, B., Miquel M., Somerville, C. and Browse, J. (1990) Mutants of Arabidopsis with alterations in seed lipid fatty acid composition. Theor. Appl. Genet. 80, 234-240. 

Moreton, R.S. (1985) Modification of fatty add composition of lipid accumulating yeasts with cyclopropene fatty acid desaturase inhibitors. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33,41-45. Moreton, R.S. (1988a) Single Cell Oil, Longman, Harlow. 

Verwoert, I.I.G.S., Ykema, A., Valkenburg, J.A.C., Verbree, E.C., Nijkamp, H.J.J. and Smit, H. (1989) Modification of the fatty acid composition in lipids of the oleaginous yeast Apiotrichum curvatum by intraspecific spheroplast formation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 32, 327-333. 

Farrell, M. Bieniarz, C. Reinhardt, K. Ward, G. Kosmeder, J. W. Ghusson, A. Walk, E. E. Manriquez, G. H. Grogan, T. M. Biological sample processing composition and method for staining the sample and contacting the sample with a lipid compound composition. PCX Int. Appl. WO 2007084429,2007 Chem. Abstr. 2007,147,184152. 

R.S. Moreton, Modification of fatty acid composition of lipid accumulating yeast with cyclopropene fatty acid desaturase Inhibitors, Appl.Microbiol.Blotechnol. 22 41-45 (1985). 

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