Anton Paar

Analysis of soils is an important task in the environmental researches. Reliability of ICP-MS results of soil analysis mainly depends on chemical sampling. Recently microwave systems are widely used for preparation of different samples. Influence of microwave radiation on sample ensures a complete decomposition of sample, greatly increases the mineralization, and allows possible losses of volatile elements to be minimized. In the given study to intensify decomposition of soils we applied the microwave sample preparation system MULTIWAVE (Anton Paar, Austria and Perkin-Elmer, USA) equipped with rotor from 6 autoclaves with TEM reaction chambers of 50 ml volume. 

Anton Paar, http //www.anton-paar.com, Anton-Paar-Str. 20, A-8054 Graz, Austria, phone -1-43-316-257180, fax -t43-316-2579180... 

Fig. 2 Synthos 3000 bench-top multimode microwave apparatus of Anton Paar...

Density of solution and solvent were measurement with Anton Paar densimeter DMA5N. For determining the hydration value is used the following concentrations of gelatin in aqueous solution 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6%. 

Anton Paar GmbH, HPA-S List of Applications, Graz (n.d.). 

The Anton Paar Synthos 3000 (Fig. 3.16 and Table 3.5) is the most recent multi-mode instrument to come onto the market. It is a microwave reactor dedicated for scaled-up synthesis in quantities of up to approximately 250 g per run and designed for chemistry under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The instrument enables direct scaling-up of already elaborated and optimized reaction protocols from single-mode cavities without changing the reaction parameters. 

Fig. 3.16 Anton Paar Synthos 3000 rotors and vessel types.

Fig. 3.17 Anton Paar accessories for special applications gas loading system, filtration unit, UV lamp (left to right).

For general solid-phase reactions in a dedicated multimode instrument, an adaptable filtration unit is available from Anton Paar (see Fig. 3.18). This tool is connected to the appropriate reaction vessel by a simple screw cap and after turning over the vessel, the resin is filtered by applying a slight pressure of up to 5 bar. The resin can then be used for further reaction sequences or cleavage steps in the same reaction vessel without any material loss. However, at the time of writing, no applications of this system for solid-phase synthesis had been reported. 

Acknowledgements. The author thanks Biotage (Uppsala, Sweden), Anton Paar (Graz, Austria), and CEM Corp. (Matthews, NC, USA) for their support and for the possibility to test their microwave reactors in the kilolab. He also thanks all the colleagues and people who were involved in this project for their input and the challenging discussions. 

Anton Paar Corporate Website (2007) www.anton-paar.com. Cited 5 February... 

Decomposition in closed quartz or glassy carbon vessels at high pressure (up to 120 bar) with conventional heating [45 7] High Pressure Asher (Anton Paar Company, Graz, Austria). 

Cool Plasma Asher CPA 4 (Anton Paar Company, Graz, Austria). 

The autosampler required a RS232 communication at 9600 baud using ASCII character strings in a question-and-answer manner. The density device (Anton Paar) communicated at 2400 baud and a complete data buffer of information was transmitted. The computer program was designed to select and validate data for each measurement. Finally, the refractive index instrument had to be strobed to provide data using an RS232 interface at 1200 baud. 

Anton Paar, Karntner Strasse 322, Postfach 58, A 8054 Graz, Austria. 

All experiments were carried out with an ultra-microhardness measuring device (Vickers-hardness) produced by Anton-Paar-Company. It is attached to a microscope with an adapted photo camera. The force of indentation, the time of indentation and the time-gradient of the indentation force can be selected and adjusted separatly. 

H. Schnablegger and Y. Singh, A Practical Guide to SAXS, Anton Paar, Graz, 2006. 

The use of a precision digital density meter as supplied by Mettler Instruments (Anton Paar, Ag.) appeared attractive. Few references on using density measurements to follow polymerization or other reactions appear in the literature. Poehlein and Dougherty (2) mentioned, without elaboration, the occasional use of y-ray density meters to measure conversion for control purposes in continuous emulsion polymerization. Braun and Disselhoff (3) utilized an instrument by Anton Paar, Ag. but only in a very limited fashion. More recently Rentsch and Schultz(4) also utilized an instrument by Anton Paar, Ag. for the continuous density measurement of the cationic polymerization of 1,3,6,9-tetraoxacycloundecane. Ray(5) has used a newer model Paar digital density meter to monitor emulsion polymerization in a continuous stirred tank reactor train. Trathnigg(6, 7) quite recently considered the solution polymerization of styrene in tetrahydrofuran and discusses the effect of mixing on the reliability of the conversion data calculated. Two other references by Russian authors(8,9) are known citing kinetic measurements by the density method but their procedures do not fulfill the above stated requirements. 

Several companies supply density equipment which was considered suitable for automatic, continuous operation with sufficient precision for calculation of polymerization conversion. These break down into three classes based on mode of operation y-ray absorption, oscillatory frequency of a sample filled tube, and mass measurement at fixed volume. Only one of these, an oscillator-based system distributed by Mettler Instrument Corp. (representing Anton Paar Ag.) has models with dead volumes small enough for laboratory scale experimentation. The other units generally also suffered from narrow density spans when the precision was sufficient for conversion studies. Table... 

Monomer conversion has traditionally been determined gravitimetrically by drying emulsion samples to constant weight. The procedure is slow, requiring several hours for analysis, and precludes automated data acquisition. A new method has been developed based on the DMA-series digital densitometers manufactured by Anton Paar of Austria, and marketed in the United States by Mettier Instrument Corporation. (Very recently Dr. Kirk Abbey made us aware of his parallel work in these directions and of some initial data reported from his laboratory [1, 2]). This instrument is capable of immediate determination of the density of any test fluid, and, if equipped with a flow cell, can continuously monitor the density of a process stream. Results are displayed locally and can be transmitted digitally to a data acquisition computer. 

Temperature-dependent xrd-rsm measurement was performed by employing a dhs 900 domed hot stage (Anton Paar) attached to the PANalytical s X Pert pro-mrd system. Figure 6.8 shows an overview of the dhs 900 domed hot stage. The sample is mounted on... 

Figure 6.8 Anton Paar s DHS 900 domed hot stage attached to the PANalytical s X Pert PRO-MRD system.

Anton-Paar GmbH, Anton-Paar-Strafie 20, 8054 Graz, Austria... 

A comprehensive study on the scalability of optimized small-scale microwave protocols in single-mode reactors to large-scale experiments in a multimode instrument has been presented by Kappe and coworkers [26]. As a model reaction, the classical Biginelli reaction in acetic acid/ethanol (3 1) as solvent was rim in parallel in an eight-vessel rotor system of the Anton Paar Synthos 3000 synthesis platform (Fig. 8) on a 8 x 80 mmol scale [26]. Here, the temperature in one reference vessel was monitored with the aid of a suitable probe, while the surface temperature of all eight quartz reaction vessels was also monitored (deviation less than 10 °C, see Fig. 16). The yield in all eight vessels after 20 min hold-time at 120 °C was nearly identical, resulting in an overall amount of approximately 130 g of the desired dihydropyrimidine. 

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