Emulsion drying

With infinite space, drying rate does not determine output rate, but usually space is at a premium and drying must be hastened, if possible, with heat (or other forms of energy). If heat cannot be used, fast air movement aids solvent removal, and lacquers based on linear polymers or emulsions dry fastest. They do not, however, confer more than limited resistance to solvents. 

Chloroform 61 Heavier 0.82 0.09 May form emulsion dries easily... 

ARer an emulsion drying time of approximately two hours, the time taken to analyse the spectra varies depending on the complexity of the sample and above all the analyst s experience. On average, the time required for analysing a plate comprising three sample spectra is approximately six hours. This time will only be slightly less for a plate comprising only one or two samples. 

Available forms Emulsion, dry and liquid forms, cationic, anionic and nonionic charges, and a broad range of molecular weights and chemistries. 

Particles from water solution by antisolvent (31,56,57) or nebu-lization (58 60) or extraction by a polar fluid (54), and from water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion droplets (emulsion drying process (13,61,62)... 

Figure 4 Size distribution of insulin particles obtained by emulsion drying. (From Ref. 63.)...

Emulsion Drying. Supercritical CO2 extracts the water and organic solvent (a heavy alcohol or ketone) and the same recycle system as proposed for the antisolvent process is applicable. The dilference is that, much lower fluid/substrate ratios, of the order of magnitude of 10 -10 are required, with the resulting savings in the recycle loop. 

Clinical lots (10-100 g) can be prepared in a larger pilot plant (XIO, Fig. 7) operated inside a clean room, in compliance with GMP for instance, we recently processed bovine and human insulin in order to obtain inhalable particles (particle size distribution presented in Fig. 4) from an aqueous solution using our emulsion drying process (13,62,63). 

Jung J, Leboeuf F, Perrut M. Preparation of inhalable protein particles by SCF emulsion drying. Proceedings 6th International Symposium on Supercritical fluids, 2003 1837-1842. 

Perlex. [Rhone-Poulenc] Bismuth compds. pearlescent for makeup, emulsions, dry systems. 

The radioactivity is detected hy applying (in a darkroom) a photographic silver halide emulsion to the surface of the section. After the emulsion dries, the preparation is stored in a light-free hox to permit the... 

Chem. Descrip. Oxidized polyethylene wax CAS 68441-17-8 EINECS/ELINCS 200-815-3 Uses Lubricant for PVC, PS melting agent, water repellent for paints processing aid for polyester textile and paper auxiliary abrasion-resist, printing ink emulsions dry-bright/mixed saponified emulsion polish/pre-servative agent... 

Myung ST, Komaba S, Hirosaki N, Yashiro H, Kumagai N (2004) Emulsion drying synthesis of olivine LiFePO C composite and its electrochemical properties as lithium intercalation material. Electrochim Acta 49(24) 4213 222... 

In contrast to the two-phase emulsion drying process, lacquers and polymer solutions may be viewed as one-phase plasticized resins. In the drying of a polymer solution, the counterpart of a population increase is the increase in rigidity modulus of the resin as the plasticizing effect of the solvent becomes less prominent. Near the end of the drying process the rigidity (of a swollen cross-linked resin) is expressible... 

Myung ST, Komaba S, Kumagai N, Yashiro H, Chung HT, Cho TH (2002) Nano-crystalline LiNio.sMni 5O4 synthesized by emulsion drying method. Electrochim Acta 47 2543-2549... 

Apart from the methods discussed in Sections 5.3.1 to 5.3.5, there are several more methods to prepare LiFeP04, such as the emulsion drying process, coprecipitation method, microwave heating method, solvothermal method, mechanochemical methods, vapor phase deposition, liquid phase oxidation/ reduction, and pulse laser deposition method. 

In the emulsion drying process, the emulsifier is first mixed with kerosene. Next, solutions of lithium salts and iron salts are added to get an oil/ water mixture. After drying and a subsequent heat-treatment, carbon-coated LiFeP04 with tailored particle size and good crystallinity is obtained. This process can produce carbon-coated particles with uniform distribution and of nanometer size. 

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