Single-mode cavities

Fig. 3.2 Multimode (left) versus single-mode cavities (right).

The Anton Paar Synthos 3000 (Fig. 3.16 and Table 3.5) is the most recent multi-mode instrument to come onto the market. It is a microwave reactor dedicated for scaled-up synthesis in quantities of up to approximately 250 g per run and designed for chemistry under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The instrument enables direct scaling-up of already elaborated and optimized reaction protocols from single-mode cavities without changing the reaction parameters. 

The currently available instmmentation from Biotage is the Initiator reactor for small-scale reactions in a single-mode cavity (Fig. 3.20). This instmment is closely related to the former Creator, but is now equipped with a touch-screen for on-the-fly control or changes of parameters, and no external PC is needed. The enhanced version, the Initiator Sixty, in succession to the Optimizer EXP, is equipped with a... 

In addition to packed catalyst bed, a fluidized bed irradiated by single and multi-mode microwave field, respectively, was also modeled by Roussy et al. [120]. It was proved that the equality of solid and gas temperatures could be accepted in the stationary state and during cooling in a single-mode system. The single-mode cavity eliminates the influence of particle movements on the electric field distribution. When the bed was irradiated in the multimode cavity, the model has failed. Never-... 

The development in microwave chemistry has been remarkable during the last few years from the first reports in which, typically, domestic ovens were used to modern applications with state-of-the-art single-mode cavities. We believe that it is today possible today to develop robust microwave-assisted methods for nearly any reaction that needs an external heat source and we have proved it is possible to perform transition-metal catalyzed reactions very cleanly and selectively. 

Single-line processing units, 21 847 Single-loop feedback controller, 20 695, 696 Single-mode cavity microwave applicators, 16 521-522... 

Figure 3.6. Single-mode microwave reactor 1 - magnetron, 2 - waveguide, 3 - single-mode cavity, 4 - reaction vessel.

In conclusion, there are three different approaches for microwave synthesis on a large scale (>100 mL volume). While some groups have employed larger batch-type multimode or single-mode reactors (< 1000 mL processing volume), others have used CF or SF techniques (multi- and single-mode cavities) to overcome the inherent problems associated with MAOS scale-up. 

There have been several proposals to generate the antisymmetric state a) in a system of two identical atoms interacting with a single-mode cavity field. For... 

Microwave Instrumentation Basics Multi- and Single-Mode Cavities.415... 

MICROWAVE INSTRUMENTATION BASICS MULTI- AND SINGLE-MODE CAVITIES... 

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