Antiulcer plant

About 120 chemical constituents have been identified in chamomile as secondary metabolites, including 28 terpenoids, 36 flavonoids and 52 additional compounds [4]. A substantial part of drag effects are determined by the essential oil content. Oil is collected from flower heads, either by steam distillation or solvent extraction, for yields of 0.24-1.90% of fresh or dry plant tissue. Among the essential oil constituents the most active are /-/-a-bisabolol and chamazulene. /-/-a-bisabolol has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, antiulcer, sedative and CNS activity. Chamazulene is also anti-inflammatory. Topical applications of chamomile preparation have shown benefit in the treatment of eczema, dermatitis and ulceration [5]. 

Lewis DA (1992) Antiulcer drugs from plants. Chem Brit 141-144. 

Lewis DA and Hanson PJ (1991) Antiulcer drugs of plant origin. Prog Med Chem 28, 201-231. 

Flavonoids are a group of about 4000 naturally occurring compounds with a wide range of biological effects, including antiulcer activity. They are important constituents of the human diet (a daily diet contains approximately 1 g of flavonoids per day) and are also found in several medicinal plants used in folk medicine around the world. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the gastroprotective effect of flavonoids ... 

Plant materials often contain triterpenoid saponin in considerable amounts. With regard to plants with antiulcer activity, licorice root contains about 2 to 12% of glycyrrhizic acid and the seeds of the horse chestnut up to 13% of aescin. Several plants containing high amounts have been shown to possess antiulcer activity in several experimental ulcer models (Table 64.2). 

Plants Containing Saponins with Antiulcer Activity... 

Several plants with antiulcer active which contain tannins have been reported (Table 64.3). 

Pyrrolo[2,l- >]quinazolines have been patented as anticholinesterase/ analgesic/ antiallergic/ - antitussive/ antipyretic/ antiinflam-matory/ antiulcer/ gastric secretion inhibitory/ an-tithrombogenic/ blood platelet aggregation inhibitory/ antidepres-sant/o diuretic/ hypotensive/ and plant-growth inhibitory " agents. 

Brassicas, or cruciferous vegetables, are members of the mustard/cabbage family of plants (broccoli, broccoli sprouts, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, bok choy, turnip greens, etc.). They contain chemical compounds known as indoles, which have clearly been shown to have anticancer activity as well as antibacterial, antiulcer, and antiasthmatic qualities. 

Strychnos pseudoquina St. Hil. Strychnobiflavone (203). Native plant of the Brazilian Savannah, used in popular medicine. Antiulcer activity. Mutagenicity. Nicoletti et al., 1984[243] Santos et al., 2006[244]. 

Approximately 5 000 naturally abundant acyclic and cyclic diterpenes derived from the parent hydrocarbon phytane are known The (3i ,7i ,ll )-enantiomer of phy-tane has been found in meteorites, oil slate, other sediments and, last but not least, in human liver. Oil slate additionally eontains (-)-(3if,7if,llif)-phytanoic acid which has also been isolated from butter. 1,3(20)-Phytadiene is one among many constituents of tobacco Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) -1,3-phytadiene and its (%)-isomer are found in zooplankton. Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts of plant cells exemplifies an ester of +)-(lE,lR, l/ )-2-phyten-l-ol usually referred to as phytol. 2,6,10,14-Phytatetraene-l,19-diol, better known as plaunotol, is the ehief constituent of the leaves of flie Thai medicinal plant Croton sublyratus (Euphorbiaceae) used as "plau noi" or "kelnac" as an antiulcerative. 

Gupta MB, Nath R, Gupta GP, Bhargava KP 1981 Antiulcer activity of some plant triterpenoids. Indian J Med Res 73 649—652... 

Moringa oleifera provides a rich and rare combination of zeatin, quercetin, kaempferom and many other phytochemicals such as hexadecanoic acid, ethyl palmitate, palmitie aeid, ethyl ester, 2,6-Dimethyl-1, 7-octadiene-3-ol, 4-Hexadeeen-6-yne, 2-hexanone, and 3-eyelohexyliden-4-ethyl - E2- Dodecenylacetate [17]. It is very important for its medieinal value. Various parts of the plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumour, antipyretie, antiepileptic, antinflammatory, antiulcer [17-18]... 

The seeds contain two potent antiulcer principles, namely, I -acetoxychavicol acetate and I -acetoxyeugenol acetate. Caryo-phyllene oxide, caryophyllenol I, caryophyl-lenol II, pentadecane, 7-heptadecane, and fatty acid methyl esters have also been isolated. The seeds contain diterpenes-I and -II (15a-and ISP-isomers), which have been patented in Japan as antitumor agents. It also exerted anti-inflammatory activity in both acute and chronic inflammation. The ethanolic extract of the herb showed significant antiulcer activity in rats, which has been attributed to the antisecretory and cytoprotective activities of the plant. 

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