Antistatic Materials

Antistatic Material that minimizes static charge generation, provides controlled static charge dissipation, or both. 

Any review devoted to conducting composites would be incomplete if the application fields of such composites were not described even if briefly. One of the first, if not the foremost, examples of the utilization of the CPCM is antistatic materials [1], For the materials of this kind resistivity q of less than 106 to 108 Ohm cm is not required, and this is achieved by introducing small amounts (several per cent) of a conducting filler, say, carbon black [4],... 

Static-dissipative (antistatic) material One with an electrical resistivity that is low enough to make it incapable of accumulating hazardous concentrations of static charges when grounded. 

Methods for measuring the resistivity of insulating materials are based on IEC 60093 [24] and insulation resistance is covered by IEC 60167 [25]. For conducting and antistatic materials the methods for rubbers, ISO 1853 [26] for resistivity and ISO 2878 [27] for resistance, could be adapted and there is a draft IEC standard. The general method for electric strength is IEC 60243 [28] and methods for power factor and permittivity are often based on IEC 60250 [29]. 

The development of conducting polymers is naturally related to hopes of feasible technical applications. Thus, conducting polymers are discussed as active battery electrodes [10], electrochromic displays (BCD) [11], anticorrosives [12], sensors [13], electrocatalysts [14], antistatic materials [15], or light-emitting materials (OLED) [16],... 

Volume and surface resistivity tests for conductive and antistatic materials include ... 

A variety of injection moulded articles can be produced using Mater-Bi. These include pencil sharpeners, rulers, cartridges, toys, plant pots, and bones. As an antistatic material, combs made of Mater-Bi do not produce the electrical charge given by conventional combs. 

A very thin coating of proprietary antistatic material. 

The characteristic threshold behaviour of conductive composites is an unsatisfactory feature for many applications, both because the poor mechanical properties incurred at concentrations where conduction is obtained cannot be tolerated, and because the high level of conductivity above the threshold is not required or even not desirable. Thus a common requirement is for an antistatic material which has good plastics properties, sufficient conductivity to allow charges to leak away, and sufficient resistivity to prevent dangerous shocks to personnel who may become accidentally connected to mains electrical supplies through it. Unfortunately, the very steep slope of the conductivity versus filler concentration curve in the region of the threshold makes it very difficult to manufacture materials with reliable intermediate conductivities. 

A moderately durable anti-static agent, cationic in nature and completely soluble in water for application purposes. With moderate to fairly high drying temperatures, this leaves the residue as a durable antistatic material remaining. This material, of course, is useful on synthetic fibers in general and will not impair the tensile strength of the fabric. 

This material is a nonionic, 100% active antistatic material designed for general antistatic use. This material is recommended for use on synthetic fibers as well as for the processing of wool where processing oils and emulsions are also present. ECCOSTAT P would be in the non-durable category of antistatic agents. 

The market for silicone elastomer products of this decade has expanded dramatically with increase of business machines and home electronics such as personal computers, copy machines, printers, TV sets, video cameras and so on. Various silicone products are used for electrical and electronic fields Based on the electrical conductivity, there are three grades of silicone rubbers. Insulating stocks are used for anode caps used for the cathode ray tube of TV sets, or plug boots and oil bleed connectors for automobiles, for instance. Electrically conductive silicones are used in products like rubber contact switches for TV remote controllers, handy phones, zebra connectors, EMI (electron magnetic interference) shield gasket and so on. And semiconductive silicone elastomers used for semiconductive rollers for plain paper copy machines and page printers, and antistatic materials. These relatively new materials have the volume resistivity of 10 -10 ohm-cm, and may be used in many other industrial fields. 

Novostat [Novosystems Farben und Additive GmbH] Antistatic materials. 

The exponent n is dose to 0.5 for pure polypropylene and points to diffusive carrier transport. For the composites, n changes from about 0.5 at the low frequencies to 1 at the high frequencies. This fact proves the existence of diffusive as well as hopping carrier transport. In the lowest frequency range the compiosite samples show the frequency-independent behavior pointing to the ohmic conduction. This property makes them to be better antistatic material than pure propylene. 

Figure 1.58 Uncontrolled BSD leading to (a) spark, (b) fire hazard, and (c) malfunctioning of electronic chip with localized burning (Figure 3d), (e) Resistivity range for antistatic and ESD-safe materials. Antistatic materials viz. (f) blown-film and (g) injection-molded sheet, (h) Surface resistivity of film. Some of the ICP-based speculated ESD-safe/antistatic products, e.g., (i) trays, (j) CD-casing, (k) CD rack, (1) wrapping material, (m) bubble wrap, (n) foam, (o) gloves, (p) shoes, and (q) clean-room apparels.

Conductive polymer composites (CPC) exhibit a series of unique features, such as comparatively low room temperature resistivity, percolation phenomenon, resistivity sensitivity to temperature, pressure and gas, and nonlinear voltage-current relationship [1-5]. They found wide industrial applications in the fields of antistatic materials, self-regulating heaters, over-temperature protection devices, and electromagnetic interference shielding. Therefore, fundamental and applied studies of CPC are currently of great interest. 

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