Antimicrobials susceptibility

Bacterial cultures should be obtained prior to antimicrobial therapy in patients with a systemic inflammatory response, risk factors for antimicrobial resistance, or infections where diagnosis or antimicrobial susceptibility is uncertain. 

A variety of commercial kits and automated systems are available to test the abilities of bacteria to assimilate, ferment, decarboxylate, or cleave selected organic compounds.46 Their reliability for species identification is usually greater with cultures from clinical samples, where a limited number of bacteria are commonly encountered, and less with environmental soil and water samples, where a great many uncommon or previously unidentified species not in the database are likely to be present.29,45 Additional tests beyond those found in the commercial kits may be necessary for example, the hydrolysis of various nitriles and amides is useful for identifying Rhodococcus spp.47 Some commercial kits for clinical use feature antimicrobial susceptibility testing.21... 

Fahr, A. M. Eigner, U. Armbrust, M. Caganic, A. Dettori, G. Chezzi, C. Bertoncini, L. Benecchi, M. Menozzi, M. G. Two-center collaborative evaluation of the performance of the BD Phoenix automated microbiology system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2003, 41,1135-1142. 

Heuer O.E., Pedersen K., Andersen J.S. and Madsen M. (2001). Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter in organic and conventional broiler flocks , Letters in Applied Microbiology, 33, 269-274. 

The most important approach to treatment of IE includes isolation of the infecting pathogen and determination of antimicrobial susceptibilities, followed by high-dose, bactericidal antibiotics for an extended period. 

EUCAST European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing... 

European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) (2011) Available from http //www.eucast.org/30 Aug 2011... 

Clinical CLSI (2007) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing MIOO-S17. Wayne, PA, 27... 

Sato, K., Bennedsgaard, T.W., Bartlett, PC., Erskine, R.J. and Kaneene, J.B. 2004. Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk in organic and conventional dairy herds in the Midwestern United States and Denmark. Journal of Pood Protection Cl. 1104-1110. 

Tikofsky, L.L., Barlow, J.W., Santisteban, C. and Schukken, Y.H. 2003. A comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for Staphylococcus aureus in organic and conventional dairy herds. Microbial Drug Resistance-Mechanisms Epidemiology and Disease 9 S39-S45. 

Ideally, biological specimens containing the infectious agent would be obtained and identification of the pathogen carried out. In addition, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility studies might then be determined. In practice this is generally not done,... 

Muller HP, et al. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of oral strains of Actino-bacillus actinomycetemcomitans to seven antibiotics./. Clin. Periodontol, 2002,... 

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2003) Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically Approved Standard, M7-A6. NCCLS, Wayne, PA... 

Antimicrobials should be selected with a knowledge of the likely pathogens at the sites of surgery and their prevailing antimicrobial susceptibility. 

Providing descriptive data on the extent and temporal trends of antimicrobial susceptibility in Salmonella and other enteric organisms from human and animal populations. 

Barbut F, Deere D, Burghoffer B, Lesage D, Delisle F, Lalande V, Delmee M, Avesani V, Sano N, Coudert C, Petit JC. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serogroups of clinical strains of Clostridium difficile isolated in France in... 

Kurokawa I, Nishijima S, Kawabata S. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne vulgaris. Eur J Dermatol 1999 9(l) 25-8. 

Limia A, Jimenez ML, Alarcon T, Lopez-Brea M. Five-year analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility of the Streptococcus milleri group. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999 18(6) 440-4. 

Wisplinghoff H, Reinert RR, Comely O, Seifert H. Molecular relationships and antimicrobial susceptibilities of viridans group streptococci isolated from blood of neutropenic cancer patients. J din Microbiol 1999 37(6) 1876-80. 

Ani AE, Main AO, Onah JA, Queiroz DM, Kirschner G, Rocha GA. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Jos, Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999 93(6) 659-61. 

Kahlmeter G. The ECO.SENS Project a prospective, multinational, multicentre epidemiological survey of the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary tract pathogens—interim report. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000 46(Suppl l) 15-22. 

Ling JM, Khin-Thi-Oo H, Hui YW, French GL. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Haemophilus species in Hong Kong. J Infect 1989 19(2) 135-42. 

MIC values are used to determine a drug dose, that should achieve blood and hssue concentrations that exceed the in vitro MIC of the pathogen. Antimicrobial susceptibility is described as the following ... 

The organisms that are likely to cause the infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility should be known or predicted accurately. Routine monitoring in surgical hospitals provides information on the normal equine flora and nosocomial pathogens that are involved commonly in hospital-acquired infections. 

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of fungi isolated from horses with ulcerative keratomycosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research 59 138-142 Brooks D E, Andrew S E, Biros D J et al 2000a Ulcerative keratitis caused by beta haemolytic Streptococcus equi in 11 horses. Veterinary Ophthalmology 3 121-126 Brooks D E, Andrew S E, Denis H M et al 2000b Rose Bengal positive epithelial microerosions as a manifestation of equine keratomycosis. Veterinary Ophthalmology 3 83-86... 

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