Antimicrobial Biocidal Polymers

Biocidal polymers are considered to be the next generation of antibiotics which can be effectively used against microbial infections. The antimicrobial activities of silver-bearing functionalised polymers and L-lactide polymeric NP are an important aspect in the prevention of bacterial skin and urinary tract infections. Biologically derived compounds, such as bacteriocins, phytochemicals and enzymes, can be used in antimicrobial food packaging. 

CS-metal/alumina complexed nanocomposites could be promising candidates for antimicrobial agents in the cosmetic, food and textile industries. Quaternised CS and CS-iodine could be future materials with enhanced biocidal properties. Improving our understanding of antimicrobial mechanisms will enable the continued design of new biocidal polymers, which is necessary in order to combat the development of microbial resistance. 

Uses Antimicrobial, biocide, preservative for metalworking fluids, polymer emulsions, cooling tower water treatment, paints, topical pharmaceuticals slimicide for paper mills food-pkg. adhesives in paper/paperboard in contact with aq./fatty foods Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105, 176.170 Trade Name Synonyms Kathon 886 f[Rohm Haas http //www.rohmhaas.com] http //www.acusol.com]] Kathon 886 MW [Rohm Haas http //www.rohmhaas.com] http //www.acusol.com] Rohm Haas France] Kathon CG/ICP [Rohm Haas http //WWW. rohmhaas. com] http //www.acusol.com]] Kathon LX [Rohm Haas http //www.rohmhaas.com] http //www.acusol.com]] Kathon WT [Rohm ... 

Biocidal polymers have been prepared from antimicrobial monomers or have been inspired from natural oligomers. Natural host defense peptides... 

In the first three approaches, the polymer acts as a carrier for the antimicrobial agent that once released can exert its action (antimicrobial agent-releasing polymers). In the first case the antibiotic is adsorbed mainly on the device surface, in the second case the drug is physically entrapped, while in the third case the antibiotic is grafted by labile bonds. In the fourth approach, the whole polymer (the bulk and the surface) is intrinsically antimicrobial and exerts its killing action when microorganisms contact the surface. These polymers are often called biocidal polymers. 

From 2005 to 2015, the development of intrinsically antimicrobial polymers (biocidal polymers) has emerged as a promising alternative approach for preventing biofilm formation on medical devices. The advantage of this strategy is that the polymer matrix will not release antimicrobial substances but microorganisms will be killed while... 

Antimicrobial polymers have been classified in three different major groups. There are biocide-releasing polymers, polymeric biocides, and biocidal polymers (Figure 15.2). 

In general, biocide-releasing polymers have no influence over their intrinsic antimicrobial activity. The polymers are simply acting as carriers for biocides or antibiotics. The biocidal molecules, which are incorporated in the polymer matrix and/or tethered to the polymer backbone, are released. One of the major advantages of these systems is that the release of the embedded antimicrobial active substances is controlled by the used polymeric system. Therefore, the rates of release are adjustable and polymers can release the biocides very close to the cell, which makes them efficient. However, the polymers still release biocides into the environment and will eventually become inactive. Polymeric biocides contain biocidal repeating units. Such macromolecules often show the same mode of action as their repeating units with somewhat lower activity, due to the steric hindrance caused by the polymeric backbone. Biocidal polymers distinguish themselves by the fact that they act as a whole molecule. Further, biocidal polymers have been found to show a lower tendency to build up bacterial resistance. ... 

Figure 15.2 General working principles of antimicrobial polymers (a) biocidereleasing polymers, (b) polymeric biocides, and (c) biocidal polymers.

Many types of plastics can benefit from antimicrobial treatment. Flexible PVC is the primary plastic that is treated with antimicrobial. Other polymer systems treated with biocides include polyurethanes, polyolefins, polyamides, polysulfones, and styrenics. 

Uses Antimicrobial, biocide, preservative for metalworking fluids, polymer emulsions, cooling tower water treatment, paints, cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals sllmiclde for paper mills food-pkg. adhesives In paper/paperboard In contact with aq. /fatty... 

Product information is presented for Amina T 100, a newly developed polymer from Creavis GmbH with antimicrobial action. Its crucial advantages lies in its macromolecular nature. In contrast to other polymers provided conventionally with biocides, there is no wash-out of low molecular toxic components. The starting materials are not antimicrobially active, and the antimicrobial action develops only in the polymer. Product properties are listed, its spectrum of activity is identified, and kinetics of reduction are charted. 

Cellulose based plastics and certain PVC formulations are vulnerable to attack from microorganisms. Specific biocides are targeted at particular organisms and can be more precisely defined as bactericides, fungicides, etc. Antimicrobial additives are now widely used in polyolefin kitchenware and bathroom accessories to act in defence of substances coming into contact with the polymer. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY EUROPEAN UNION UK WESTERN EUROPE... 

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