Surface device

The FDA has made several modifications to the tests required by Part 1 of the ISO 10993 standard for the category of surface devices that permanently contact mucosal membranes. The ISO does not require acute, subchronic, or chronic implantation tests as does FDA. FDA requires irritation, systemic toxicity, acute, subchronic, and chronic tests for external communicating devices, tissue/bone/ dentin with prolonged and permanent contact. Device manufacturers are advised to consider tests to detect chemical components of device materials that may be pyrogenic. This matrix is a framework and not a checklist and it is stressed by the FDA that necessary safety testing will be decided on a case-by-case basis. 

Surface devices Skin Devices that contact A X X X ... 

The disc skimmer is a common type of oleophilic surface device. The discs are usually made of either polyvinyl chloride or steel. Disc skimmers work best with light crude oil and are well suited to working in waves and among weeds or debris. These skimmers are usually small and can be deployed by one or two people. 

Kahng, D. and Atalla, M. M., Silicon-silicon dioxide field induced surface devices, in IRE Solid-State Devices Research Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, 1960. 

Equation (15.23) applies to a small hi -speed unit known as a Votator. Data for laminar-flow heat transfer in large slow-speed exchangers are given in Ref. 24. Scraped-surface devices for evaporating wiscous liquids are described in Chap. 16. 

Probably no single causal mechanism functions in the calcification process of neointima-lined or smooth surface polyurethanes. Rather, surface calcification is most likely a result of the combination and interaction of mechanical and surface chemical effects at the blood-surface interface. Mechanical damage to or physical imperfections on the polymeric substrate in smooth surface devices or the neointima lining of textured bladders may be capable of inducing a deposition and mineralization process. Calcification of tissue valve leaflets has been proposed to result from the diffusion of blood elements into mechanically disrupted tissue (10), thus providing a site for mineralization to occur. Likewise, deposits of calcium-chelating proteins or lipids in defects in neointimal tissue or the polymer substrate may act as precursor binding sites for the observed mineralization. 

D. Kahng and M.M. Atalla, Silicon sihcon dioxide surface device, presented at IRE Device Res. Conf, Pittsburgh (1960). 

A scraped surface device can process a thin viscous film. Here the focus is on its use as a reactor. Elsewhere are described its use to condition foodstuffs. Section 3.3, as a vertical device for evaporation, Section 4.1 and as a crystallizer. Section 4.6. 

Interface between Body and Vibrating Surface, Devices have been developed to measure the motion of the interface between the skin and a source of vibration in contact with the body, such as a vehicle seat pan or tool handle. The former consists of a flexible disk of mbberlike material thickened at the center, where an accelerometer is mounted. The dimensions have been standardized (ISO 7096, 1982). Attempts have been made to design transducer mounts for the palm of die hand to measure the vibration entering the hand from tool handles (see, fen example, ISO 10819,1997), and also the static compressive force (i.e., the combined grip and thrust forces exerted by the hand on the tool handle). The frequency response of one such device extends to more than 1 kHz (Gill-meister et al., 2001). 

Radiation causes certain substances, called phosphors, to give off visible light. The light appears as brief flashes when radiation strikes a surface coated with a thin layer of phosphors. The number of flashes (called scintillations) per unit time is proportional to the amount of radiation striking the surface. Devices employing this approach are called scintillatioii counters. 

Ku, P.J., Winther, K.T., Stephanou, H.F. and Safaric, R. (2001) Distributed control system for an active surface device , Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics Automation, Seoul, Korea 3417-22. 

The large number of conveyor variants arise from the permutation of the different hubs, flight design, feed and floe zone types, and the different types and degrees of hard surfacing. Devices added to the conveyor, and the type of flow, two-phase, three-phase (see Section 2.4.1.2). co-current or countercurrent, add to the permutations. 

Bioactive polymeric material can be used in applications other than formulations which are broadcast or applied to a target surface. Devices such as bands or food wrap prepared from biocide-impregnated polymers or can be used. These devices are often used on animals where a low, constant dose is useful which does not harm the animal. In these cases, much lower doses can be used than that found in sprays or dips because of their long term presence. 

Gubaydullin MG, Kalashnikov AV, Konyukhov DA, Masyagin AI, Savinov RA (2011) Method of skimming and removal of oil from water reservoir surface, device for its implementation. Russian Patent RU2475590-C2, 20 Feb 2013... 

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