Antibodies antibody fragments

Antibodies antibody fragments (e.g., collagen-specific drug-toxin conjugates)... 

Plant suspensions are being used to produce an increasing number of foreign proteins. These include complete antibodies, antibody fragments, hGM-CSF, interleu-... 

Fig. 2 Structures of selected acyclic and macrocyclic BFCs useful for the radiometal labeling of biomolecules, including antibodies, antibody fragments, small peptides, and nonpeptide receptor ligands...

FIGURE 5 Restructured versions of antibodies, antibody fragments and fusion proteins available due to recombinant DNA technology. (Reprinted from Sachaffner et at.2 t3 by kind permission of Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co., Berlin.)... 

HIV-infected cells may be targeted either by the expression of viral antigens on the cell surface or by cell-surface markers that define the subset of activated CD4+ cells to which the majority of actively infected cells belong. These molecules may be identified with antibodies antibody fragments, or by the natural ligand for the cell-surface structures, e.g., by CD4 for gpl20 or by IL-2 for the IL-2 receptor. Details are described in Subheadings 1.1.1. and 1.1.2. 

Recently, plant cells have also been considered to be an alternative host for the production of recombinant proteins since they are able to glycosylate proteins [133, 139]. Of the various systems used for cultivation, such as hairy roots, immobilized cells, and free cell suspensions, the latter is regarded to be most suitable for large-scale applications. Full-size antibodies, antibody fragments, and fusion proteins can be expressed in transgenic-plantcell systems, such as Nicotiana tahacum, pea, wheat, and rice using shake-flask or fermentation cultures [136]. Yet, these systems are still of low commercial importance due to their unadvantageous productivity. 

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the siRNA delivery system. A cationic group is universal in all siRNA delivery systems to condense siRNA into nanosized complex. To release the siRNA from the endosome after endocytosis, an endosomal disrupting agent is also essential. PEG modification is also important to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of the complex, as well as to avoid the nonspecific uptake by RES. To achieve the targeted delivery to tumor cells, various ligands including antibody, antibody fragments, peptides, small molecules should be modified to the complex directly or via PEG as a linker...

To develop an efficient siRNA cancer therapy, targeted delivery of siRNA to tumor cells is the primary requisite to overcome nonspecific side effects, as well as increase the therapeutic effect. Most cancer cells express unique or overexpressed receptors/antigens on their cell surface which can bind various ligands including antibodies, antibody fragments, small molecules, peptides, and aptamers. A number of tumor-specific ligands have been modified to the siRNA delivery system to enhance the specific cellular uptake in tumor cells. The most commonly used ligands are described below. 

In addition to target-associated toxicides, intrinsic toxicides associated with mAb modalities may be predicted based on the specific construct. As a class, mAb-based therapies include whole antibodies, antibody fragments, Fc-modified peptides and proteins, bi-/multispecific consducts, ADCs, effector-modified antibodies, and many other engineered... 

Furthermore, nanoparticles surface customization can enable target tissues or specific cell surface antigens, targeting specific ligands such as antibody/antibody fragment, peptide, aptamer or small molecules [30]. 

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