Antibiotics antimicrobial peptides

Antibacterial sulfones, 23. 493 Antiberiberi factor, 25 781 Antibiotic peptides, 13 252-253. See also Antimicrobial peptides synthesis of, 13 254 Antibiotic resistance, 3 23—40 biochemical strategies, 3 30-38 molecular targets for antibiotics,... 

Pentynoic acid, 5 34t People. See also Personnel investment in, 21 624 organizational ties to, 21 627-628 People s Republic of China. See also China demand for oil in, 23 530 oil recovery program in, 23 534 Pepper, pipeline levels in, 23 159 Peptide antibiotics, 18 252-253. See also Antimicrobial peptides Peptide backbone hydrogen bonds, in proteins, 20 826 Peptide mapping, 3 840-841 Peptide nucleic acids, 17 631-634... 

Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has become a serious problem in infection control, and has led to intensive research efforts to develop an effective novel antimicrobial agent. Antimicrobial peptides have already played a crucial role in pharmaceutical research as biomedically useful agents or as lead compounds for drug development. More specifically, cyclic peptides have shown some potential as a possible new class of... 

Straus SK, Hancock RE. (2006) Mode of action of the new antibiotic for Gram-positive pathogens daptomycin Comparison with cationic antimicrobial peptides and lipopeptides. Biochim BiophysActa 1758 1215-1223. 

Investigating the Mode of Action of Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides Using a Genetic Approach A Tool to Identify New Bacterial Targets Amenable to the Design of Novel Antibiotics... 

Key Words Antimicrobial peptide proline-rich peptide Bac7 antibiotic resistant mutant chemical mutagenesis fluorescence quenching cell uptake. 

As the main surface component of the bacterial cell envelope LPS is thought to contribute to the restrictive Gram-negative membrane permeability, allowing bacterial growth in unfavourable environments such as those that may be encountered within or on plants. The exclusion of antimicrobial substances of plant origin probably contributes to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to parasitize plants. LPS-defective mutants show increased in vitro sensitivity to antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides and the numbers of viable bacteria often decline very rapidly upon introduction into plants. LPS may also promote bacterial adherence to plant surfaces (Newman et al., 2007). 

DSC has also been used to study the effects of a wide variety of antimicrobial peptides on the thermotropic phase behavior of different lipid bilayers. These studies again are highly biologically relevant because the primary mode of action of most antimicrobial peptides is the perturbation and permeabilization of the lipid bilayers of the target membrane, and these agents have considerable promise as antibiotics, especially to treat multiple dmg-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Again, the reader should consult recent reviews for more information on this topic (30, 31). 

Many peptide antibiotics have been described and can be broadly classified as non-ribosomally synthesized peptides they include the polymyxins, bacitracins and gramicidins as well as the glycopep-tides (section 5) and the ribosomally synthesized peptides such as the antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system. Polymyxins and other... 

Diamond, G. Natures antibiotics the potential of antimicrobial peptides as new drugs. Biologist (London) 2001, 48, 209—212. 

There has been an explosion of recent interest in antimicrobial peptides, which have been shown to be ubiquitous in nature as evidenced in numerous review articles [155-159]. Frequently, these peptides have been located where microbial control is important, such as in mammalian intestines or trachea, in seminal fluid, on amphibian skin, as plant defense compounds or on insect larvae. Hence, such peptide antibiotics can be seen as a response to ecological conditions, specifically the propensity of microorganisms to thrive wherever they can gain access to a macroorganism. 

Hancock R E W, Patrzykat A (2002). Clinical development of cationic antimicrobial peptides Erom natural to novel antibiotics. Curr. Drug Targets Infect. Disord. 2 79-83. 

Clavanins, a-hdical antimicrobial peptides isolated from a mixed tunicate population of Styela clam hemocytes. Qavanin A, VPQELGKIIH HVGNFVHGFS HVFa, and the davanins B-E are 23-peptide antibiotics containing 18 identical residues... 

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