Antibacterial polymer coatings applications

Azelaic acid (AA), 1,9-nonanedioic acid or heptane-1,7-dicarboxylic acid, is used in manifold application areas. AA is offered in the pharmaceutical field for the treatment of acne and rosacea due to its antibacterial effect [1,2]. However, AA is much more widely applied as a monomer for the production of polymers such as alkyd resins, polyamides, and impact-proof polyesters or for the synthesis of plasticizers, lubricants, lithium complex greases, corrosion inhibitors, dielectric fluids, heat-transfer fluids, metal to glass fluxes, emulsion breakers, waxes, tobacco sheet plasticizers, hot-melt coatings and adhesives, water-soluble coating resins, hydraulic fluids, fungicides, insecticides, and so on [3-7]. 

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSNa) are water-soluble. These polymers behave like a low MW surfactant as they form micelles in aqueous solution in which the hydrophobic part is directed towards the centre and the hydrophilic part is situated on the periphery of the micelle. Owing to such features, amphiphilic block copolymers have wide-ranging applications in drugs, pharmaceuticals, coatings, cosmetics and paints. They also exhibit very high antibacterial activities. Oikonomou and co-workers used ATRP to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers, consisting of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and poly (sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSSNa) blocks [18]. The synthesis methods are described below. 

The application of nanosilver in medicine is particularly an important issue. The method of production of nanosilver-coated polymers, which are used as plastic catheters, has been developed. A coating with silver nanoparticies acts as an antibacterial and disinfectant. The in vitro tests confirmed growth inhibition in the bacterial layer which was sustained for 72 h (Roe et al., 2008). In patent... 

Conductive polymer nanocomposites may also be used in different electrical applications such as the electrodes of batteries or display devices. Linseed oil-based poly(urethane amide)/nanostuctured poly(l-naphthylamine) nanocomposites can be used as antistatic and anticorrosive protective coating materials. Castor oil modified polyurethane/ nanohydroxyapatite nanocomposites have the potential for use in biomedical implants and tissue engineering. Mesua ferrea and sunflower seed oil-based HBPU/silver nanocomposites have been found suitable for use as antibacterial catheters, although more thorough work remains to be done in this field. ° Sunflower oil modified HBPU/silver nanocomposites also have considerable potential as heterogeneous catalysts for the reduction of nitro-compounds to amino compounds. Castor oil-based polyurethane/ epoxy/clay nanocomposites can be used as lubricants to reduce friction and wear. HBPU of castor oil and MWCNT nanocomposites possesses good shape memory properties and therefore could be used in smart materials. ... 

Balagna Cristina, Perero Sergio, Ferraris Sara, et al. Antibacterial coating on polymer for space application. Mater. Chem. Phys. 135 no. 2-3 (2012) 714-722. 

Tankhiwale R, Bajpai SK (2012) Preparation, characterization and antibacterial applications of ZnO-nanoparticles coated polyethylene films for food packaging. Colloid Surf B 90 16-20 Teixetra EdM, Pasquini D, Curvelo AAS, Corradini E, Belgacem MN, Dufresne A (2009) Cassava bagasse cellulose nanofibrils reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch. Catbohydr Polym 78 422 31... 

L. Guod, W. Yuan, Z. Lua, C.M. Li, Polymer/nanosilver composite coatings for antibacterial applications. Coll. Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 439 69-83, 2013. 

Krishnamoorthy M, Hakobyan S, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE (2014) Surface-initiated polymer bmshes in the biomedical field applications in membrane science, biosensing, cell culture, regenerative medicine and antibacterial coatings. Chem Rev 114(21) 10976-11026... 

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