Antibacterial polymers

Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is used to prevent stain and mildew on freshly cut lumber81 If a quaternary ammonium salt monomer could be impregnated into wood, then graft polymerized to it, the process might displace some of the chromium copper arsenate treatments. Some antibacterial polymers (e.g., 4.9) work by gradual hydrolysis to release the active group.82... 

Arsenic-containing antibacterial polymers have been prepared by the reaction of triphenylarsenic dichloride with 2,4-diamino-6-mercaptopyrimidine. 

Chitosan has been identihed as a hydrophilic, nontoxic, biocompatible, and antibacterial polymer. Modihcation of hydrophobic PVDF membrane with chitosan was performed in order to increase the hydrophilicity and to reduce protein fouling... 

Keywords Antibacterial polymers Antimicrobial polymers Peptide analogs Peptidomimetics Polymer-membrane interaction Synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides, SMAMPs... 

BHA, BHT, PG, TBHQ and tocopherols) a variety of stationary phases, mobile phases and detectors can be used [711]. Common antibacterials such as carba-dox, thiamphenicol, furazolidone, oxolinic acid, sul-fadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline, nalidixic and piromidic acid can be analysed by GE-RPLC-UV (at 254 nm). Collaborative studies have been reported for the HPLC determination of the antimicrobial sodium benzoate in aqueous solutions [712], Plastics devices used for field collection of water samples may contain polymer additives (such as resorcinol monobenzoate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone or bisphenol A) or cyanobac-terial microcystins [713],... 

These esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid have been used primarily to prevent growth of molds but in higher concentrations possess some weak antibacterial activity. Their effective use is limited by low aqueous solubility and by reports of stinging and burning sensations related to their use in the eye. They bind to a number of nonionic surfactants and polymers, thereby reducing their bioactivity. They are used in combination, with the methyl ester at 0.03-0.1% and the propyl ester at 0.01-0.02%. Parabens have also been shown to promote corneal absorption [140]. 

In a recent study, the group of Moser has described the use of a polymer-bound borohydride in reductive aminations of tetrameric isoquinolines (Scheme 7.101) [122]. These tetrameric isoquinolines, which represented lead compounds in a search for antibacterial distamicyn A analogues, were prepared from the appropriate... 

Chemists have found numerous industrial applications for 1,2,3-thiadiazole derivatives. In particular, 1,2,3-thiadiazole derivatives have been used as insecticide synergists, herbicides, and polymer compounds. They have also been shown to have sedative, antibacterial, and antibiotic activity. Examples of these compounds were discussed in CHEC(1984) and CHEC-II(1996). 

In other cases fullerene antibacterial action takes place after photoirradiation of fulleropyrrolidinium salts. It is not yet clear if the photodynamic action implies the participation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals (type I mechanism) or singlet oxygen (type II mechanism) but the efficacy is really interesting with the death of more than 99.9% of bacterial and fungal cells and a special selectivity for microbes over mammalian cells (Tegos et al., 2005). Also a sulfobutyl fullerene derivative is able to inhibit environmental bacteria after photoirradiation and it exerts its action on E. coli even if incorporated in coated polymer (Yu et al., 2005). 

Synthesis of aminopolysaccharides, therefore, is one of the important research areas in the field of functional materials, examples of biorelated polymers, antibacterial substance, and biodegradable polymers as well as materials for drugs and matrices of drug delivery systems. Only a few methods, however, such as ring-opening polymerization and enzymatic polymerization have been available for the precision synthesis of aminopolysaccharides [4,5],... 

Jeon, Y. J. and Kim, S. K. (2000). Production of chitooligosaccharides using an ultrafiltration membrane reactor and their antibacterial activity. Carbohydr. Polym. 41,133-141. 

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