Anti-stress

Rapin JR, Lamproglou I, Drieu K, DeFeudis FV. (1994). Demonstration of the "anti-stress" activity of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) using a discrimination learning task. Gen Pharmacol. 25(5) 1009-16. 

Mutant mice lackingNPY showincreased anxiety-relatedbehavior (Palmiter et al. 1998) a full description of the behavioral phenotype of NPY receptor-null mutant mice is not available yet. However, data from Y2 receptor-null mutants support an anti-stress activity of NPY (Tschenett et al. 2003). In addition to the anxiolytic and anti-stress effects of NPY, a relationship to alcohol intake has been described. Voluntary ethanol consumption is increased in NPY and Yi receptor-null mutant mice, whereas either NPY overexpression or potentiation of NPY signaling through blockade of Y2 receptors suppresses rodent alcohol intake (Thiel et al. 1998,2002 Thorsell et al. 2002). Thus, in addition to anxiety and depression, alcohol dependency may be a promising clinical field for newly developed NPY receptor hgands. 

Akunne, H.C., Zoski, K.T., Whetzel, S.Z., Cordon, J.J. Neuropharmacological profile of a selective sigma ligand, igmesine a potential antidepressant and anti-stress actions. Neuropharmacology 41, 138-149, 2001. 

Noda, Y., Kamei, H., Nabeshima, T. Sigma-receptor Kgands and anti-stress actions. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 114, 43-49, 1999... 

On the other hand, Fowler ef al. recently measured MAO-A and MAO-B activities in the human brain using positron emission tomography and ["CJdorgyline and ["C]L-deprenyl-D2, and showed that administration of EGb (120 mg/day, for 1 month) to 10 subjects had no influence on brain MAO-A and MAO-B [166]. Moreover, for the same dosages at which EGb (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o., for 5 days) exerted antistress properties, EGb did not exhibit any activity indicative of MAO inhibition in mice [167]. Therefore, there is uncertainty about whether MAO inhibition is the mechanism responsible for the anti-stress activity of EGb. This will be the subject of further study. 

An inhibitory effect of 8-OH-DPAT on forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity is observed in hippocampal membranes of the guinea pig and rat, and has been used as an index of the functional activities of 5-HTIA receptors [178]. Cold stress induces a reduction of the inhibitory effect of 8-OH-DPAT in the hippocampus isolated from 18-month-old rats, although it has no influence on either the affinity or number of [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding sites. The administration of EGb (50 mg/kg p.o. for 14 days) prevents the cold stress-induced reduction in the inhibitory effect of 8-OH-DPAT on forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in old rats. These results indicate that EGb prevents the stress-induced desensitization of hippocampal 5-HTu receptors thus, its effects might explain anti-stress and antidepressant properties of EGb [177]. 

QUALITATIVE COMMENTS (with 120 mg) This came on very fast — I was aware of it within a half hour, and it got as far as it would go by an hour. There are similarities to MDMA, but missing is the benign anti-stress component. I am lightheaded, and there just might be a little eye wiggling. And then it dropped rightoff to nothing within a couple of hours. ... 

Kaneko H, Nakanishi K. Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng basic and clinical trials clinical effects of medical ginseng, Korean red ginseng specifically, its anti-stress action for prevention of disease. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 95 158-162. 

In addition to its antileprosy effect, deoxyfructoserotonin shows a considerable anti-stress activity, especially on ulcer formation by restraint (25). 

Ingredia, a French dairy company, has developed Prodiet F 200 , a milk protein hydrolysate that contains a bioactive peptide with relaxing properties. The patented product has an anti-stress effect proven by several clinical studies and does not cause the classical side effects of anxiolytics. Food supplements, chocolate and animal feed are examples of its applications (Lefranc, 2002). 

Heather Calluna vulgaris Flavouring for beverages, anti stress... 

Several other activities are reported for Astragalus spp. the cycloartane saponins from A. sieversienus show an hypocholesterolemic action [219], while astramembrannin I, 87, and astrasieversianin I, 92 produce antileukocytopenic and anti-stress effects in mice [319]. Aqueous extract of A. membranaceus root causes significant stimulation of melanocyte proliferation using the sulphorhodamine B (SRB) test. This result supports the use of these extracts in traditional treatments of vitiligo [191]. 

Awang DVC. The anti-stress potential of North American ginseng. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 1998 6 87-91. 

Zhang Q, Andersen M (2007) Dose response relationship in anti-stress gene regulatory networks. PLoS ComputBiol 3 e24. doi 10.1371/ journal.pcbi.0030024.eor... 

More recently, the aromatherapy benefit offered by personal care products has been extended to hand dishwashing products. Colgate-Palmolive launched Ultra Palmolive Anti-Stress Aromatherapy Dish Liquid with lavender and ylang-ylang extracts claiming a whole new sensation in dishwashing. ... 

In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and plant metabolism was considered as two primary factors on ultraweak bioluminescence (UBL).45 At present, UBL is applied in plant anti-stress research, but the ultraweak bioluminescence (UBL) under Cd stress has not been studied. In this report, the alleviating effects of SA and La3+ on Cd-stress was analyzed by detecting UBL. 

Pangamic acid (6-0-(dimethylaminoacetyl)-D-gluconic acid) (10) has also been isolated from C. arietinum and is reported to have anti-stress and anti-hyperlipidemic activity [20]. 

Bishayee, A., et al "Mechanism of anti-stress activity of Mikania cordata root extract in albino mice," International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 1995, Vol. 33, no. 3 pp 215-221. 

Particularly rich in B. are pollens (for Brassica napus ca. 100 xg/kg). B., especially brassinolide and 24-epibrassinolide, have unusually high phytohormonal activity. B. effect a general promotion of growth in plants (e. g., in roots), stimulate photosynthesis and protein biosynthesis, modulate the mode of action of other phytohormones, and delay senescence processes. B. exhibit antiecdysteroid effects on insects. For practical uses of B. the so-called anti-stress action on plants is of major interest and has been detected in field experiments under unfavorable cultivation conditions (e.g., drought, cold, nutrient deficiency, pest infestation). 

Diffutin (see above) has pronounced adaptogenic (anti-stress and anti-anxiety) activity, as well as being a mild CNS depressant (barbiturate potentiation). It also has a marked inotropic effect in perfused frog heart, and shows no arrhythmogenic properties. In addition, it potentiates the contractile response of guinea pig vas deferens to catecholamines, without inhibition of the uptake of adrenalin. At 500 mg/kg, diffutin is nontoxic to dogs. The use of Canscora in Indian medicine as a herbal remedy for certain mental disorders is supported by these observations. 

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