Anionic surfactants dishwashing detergents

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is undoubtedly the anionic surfactant used in the greatest amount because it is the basic component in almost all laundry and dishwashing detergents in powder and liquid forms. However, alcohol and alcohol ether sulfates are the more versatile anionic surfactants because their properties vary, with the alkyl chain, with the number of moles of ethylene oxide added to the base alcohol and with the cation. Consequently, alcohol and alcohol ether sulfates are used in almost all scientific, consumer, and industrial applications. 

They have high foam for shampoos and are kind to the skin. They are also used in light duty products such as dishwashing detergents. It is the least sensitive of the anionics to water hardness and therefore has benefited in the trend away from phosphates. They have 25% of the production for the major household surfactant market. 

Of the three main types of surfactants, the anionics are by far the most commercially important class, constituting, in particular, the major surfactant type represented in laundry and hand-dishwashing detergents. Among the anionics, linear sodium alky] benzene sul-fonaie (LAS), linear alkyl sulfates, and linear alkyl ethoxy sulfates are by far the most widely used compounds. (The industry convened voluntarily to linear alkyl chains in the mid-1960s to obtain improved biodegradabilily relative to the branched chain alkylates formerly used.)... 

Nonionic surfactants are also used in substantial amounts in laundry detergents and in automatic dishwashing detergents, both applications reflecting in particular their generally lower sudsing characteristics than the anionics. Commercially important examples uf the nonionics include the alkyl ethoxylates, the ethoxylated alkyl phenols, the fatly acid ethanol amides, and complex polymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and alcohols. 

You ll notice this when you dip a soap pad into water containing dishwashing detergent. Such detergents are anionics, and, as the manufacturer of SOS pads confirms, steel wool pads infused with soap use cationic surfactants. Why they use cationics, which are generally less effective cleaners, isn t clear, but it likely has to do with steel wool s absorption capabilities. 

Uses Surfactant foam stabilizer for anionic surfactants in liq. dishwashing, shampoos, fabric detergents antistat, surfactant, foaming agent in cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Varox 185E [Goldschmidt http //www.goldschmidt.com]... 

Synonyms Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, mono [2-[(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl) amino] ethyl] ester, disodium salt Disodium (Z)- [2-[(1-oxooctadec-9-enyl) amino] ethyl] 2-sulfonatosuccinate Sulfobutanedioic acid, mono [2-[(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl) amino] ethyl] ester, disodium salt Definition Disodium salt of a substituted ethanolamide half ester of sulfosuccinic acid Empirical C24H43NO8S 2Na Properties Anionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Solubilizer, thickener, surfactant, emollient, skin conditioner, hair conditioner in cosmetics foaming agent in toiletries, hand dishwashing detergents, and personal care prods. 

As mentioned in Chapter 1, there can be thousands of molecules with polar heads and nonpolar tails, usable as surfactants. The applications are also many. Thus, the commercial anionic surfactants, recording about 50% of all surfactant production, are literally used all over the place shampoos, dishwashing detergents and washing powders are some common examples. Cationic surfactants likewise are used in hair-conditioners, fabric softeners, asphalt coating, corrosion inhibitor formulations for metal surfaces etc. The major applications of non-ionic surfactants are in the areas of food and drinks, as also pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Amphoteric /zwitterionic surfactants have only limited applications one area is cosmetics, especially skin care products. 

Owing to their excellent dye transfer inhibition properties, amine oxides can be used in a wide variety of laundry product formulations like laundry detergents, softergents, laundry prespotters, tine-fabric washes, etc. Amine oxides act as foam stabilizers and foam enhancers for anionic surfactants and therefore amine oxides are used in manual dishwash and shampoo formulations where foam volume, foam quality, and stability are important performance criteria. Some starting formulations using amine oxides are listed in Tables 66 through 70. 

Uses Surfactant, foam builder, and detergent In hand dishwash detergents, car wash detergents, and other cleaners/delergents Features High foaming stable in moderate levels of acid and alkali compatible with anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants Properties Lt, d. yel. liq. sp.gr. 1.03 dens. 8.70 Ib/gal vise. 25 cps pH (1 %) 6.5 35% act. 

Uses Emulsifer, stabilizer, pearlizer, opacifier for hand dishwashing detergents, rinses, cosmetics, liquid hand soaps, body cleaners, and shampoos Features Compat. with cationic, amphoteric, anionic and nonionio surfactants Properties Wh. flake HLB 1 acid no. 6 max. sapon. no 190-200 100% solids Canocol EGDS-35 [Centro China]... 

Uses Wetting agent, detergent, foam booster/stabiiizer, conditioner for shampoos, rinses, shaving creams, It. duty dishwashing detergents emollient, lubricant for skin acre prods. antistat in hair care prods. vise, modifier Features Produces dense, copious foam compat, with anionic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants... 

Chem. Descrip. mixt. of anionic and nonionic surfactants Uses Detergent for dishwashing Properties Cl., green liq. 54% act. 

Uses Surfactant, detergent, and foaming agent for iiq. hand dishwashing detergents, shampoos, hand soaps, iiq. and powdered bubbie baths Features Compat. with most anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants Properties Ci. iiq. sp. gr. 1.05 Brookfieid vise. 120 mPa.s 38% cone. 

Uses Detergent, foam booster/stabilizer for anionic surfactants used in liq. dishwashing, shampoos and fabric detergents Properties Gardner 1 liq, pH 4,5-5,5 surf. tens. 31.5 dynes/cm 39-43% amine oxide... 

Hand dishwashing liquid detergents contain an anionic surfactant, perhaps an alcohol ether sulfate (or, in Europe, an alkanesulfonate), as major active agent, along with a lower level of an amide or amine oxide type nonionic to improve foaming. Betaines are sometimes used as foam boosters. A hydrotrope such as an alcohol or xylene sulfonate is generally also present. 

The sodium salts of the ether sulfates have relatively limited water solubility. They seldom perform as well as do many other anionic surfactants as wetting agents, but their foaming properties are considerably better. They have found extensive use in shampoo formulations, and, in combination with other anionic and nonionic surfactants, they are being used more for household dishwashing detergents. 

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