Animal fats and oils

Natural products Vegetable oils waxes, mineral oils plus their sulfated derivatives (including those of animal oils and fats) Sugar extraction glue manufacture cutting oils... 

Although vegetable oils usually contain a higher proportion of nnsatnrated fatty acids than do animal oils and fats, several plant oils are actually high in saturated fats. Palm oil is low in polyunsaturated fatty acids and particularly high in (saturated) palmitic acid (whence the name palmitic). Coconut oil is particularly high in lanric and myristic acids (both saturated) and contains very few nnsatnrated fatty acids. 

Palmitic acid is present as cetyl ester in spermaceti from which, by hydrolysis, the acid may be obtained it is present in bee s wax as the mehssic ester and in most vegetable and animal oils and fats, in greater or lesser amounts, as glyceryl tripalmitate or as mixed esters, along with stearic and oleic adds, Palmitic acid is separated from stearic and oleic acids by fractional vacuum distillation and by fractional crystallization. With NaOH, palmitic add forms sodium palmitate, a soap, Most soaps are mixtures of sodium stearate, palmitate, and oleate. 

As die glyceryl ester, palmitic acid is one of the constituents of many vegetable and animal oils and fats. 

Raw materials. It is possible to use any fatty acid as a feed material for sulphonation but economic considerations dictate that oleochemical material be preferred. Fatty acids are readily obtained from vegetable and animal oils and fats which are fatty acid triglycerides. These are transesterified to generate glycerol and three moles of a fatty acid ester, normally a methyl ester. The methyl ester can be distilled to give a specific cut and the fatty acid finally isolated by hydrolysis or hydrogenation of the ester. It is common to use animal fats (tallow) in which case the dominant C chains are 16 and 18. 

A wide range of vegetable and animal oils and fats are currently being used as bases and bioactive ingredients in many cosmetic applications. Typical applications of lipids in cosmetics include emollients and specific ingredients for skin care and treatment, hair care, and make-up/decorative products. The type of lipids commonly used in cosmetics include TAGs, emulsifiers, waxes, and structured lipids. The cosmetics industry was more than 25 billion in 2000, and new products are continually introduced in the market. 

Paints, varnishes, colors, and fillers Other chemicals and allied products Industrial inorganic chemicals Industrial organic chemicals Vegetable and animal oils and fats Synthetic rubber Synthetic fibers... 

Typical Fatty Acid Composition of the Main Animal Oils and Fats... 

Vegetable and animal oils and fats actually represent the main portion of around 43% of all renewable raw materials used in the chemical industry of a country like Germany (see Chapter 9, Table 9.1). 

Total Tocopherol Content of Vegetable and Animal Oils and Fats"... 

AOCS Official Method Ce lh-05 Determination of Cis-, Trans-, Saturated, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Non-Ruminant Animal Oils and Fats by Capillary CLC, pp. 1-29, AOCS, Champaign, IL., USA (2005). 

Optional with the manufacturer, free of mineral, vegetable or animal oils and fats or any material dangerously inflammable when in contact with oxygen at 2000 psi... 

Class F - fires that involve cooking mediums such as vegetable or animal oil and fats in cooking appliances. Such fires are particularly difficult to extinguish as they retain considerable heat allowing the chemical reaction to restart. 

There is limited resistance to monofunctional alcohols and glycols. EVM exhibits moderate resistance to mineral oils and fuels. Its resistance is better than that of SBR, but lower than that of NBR. Both swelling and change in mechanical properties depend on the vinyl acetate content. Table 5.ii0. Higher aromatic content in the oil causes more pronounced swelling [697]. Resistance to vegetable and animal oils and fats is also low. 

Ratnayake, W.M.N., Hansen, S.L., and Kennedy, M.P., Evaluation of the CP-Sil 88 and SP-2560 GC columns used in the recently approved AOCS official method Ce lh-05 Determination of cis-, trans-, saturated, monounsaterated and pol)oinsaturated fatty acids in vegetable or non-ruminant animal oils and fats by capillary GLC method, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 83, 475 88, 2006. 

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