Cooking appliances

The material also finds use in cooking appliances, sterilisable medical, dental and general laboratory equipment, and hair dryer components. 

Polyphenylene sulfide PPS is able to resist 450°F (232° C), and has good low temperature strength as well. It has low warpage, good dimensional stability, low mold shrinkage. Use includes hair dryers, cooking appliances, and critical under-the-hood automotive and military parts. 

In the next decade, only the gas sector will see major growth in Europe. This will probably lead also to an increased use of gas-powered appliances in the future, This seems to be no problem for cooking appliances where burners could still be made more efficient, and more control and safety-related sensors could be introduced. Gas-powered washers and especially dryers should be made more widely desirable. 

Wet or dry chemical fixed suppression systems are typically provided over the kitchen cooking appliances and in exhaust plenums and ducts. Activation means is afforded by fusible links located in the exhaust ducts/plenums usually rated at 232°C (450°F). Manual activation means should not be provided near the cooking area, but in the exit routes from the facility. The facility fire alarm should sound upon activation of the fixed suppression system and power or gas to the cooking appliances should be automatically shut off. The ventilation system should also be shut down by the activation of the fire alarm system. Protective caps should be provided on the suppression nozzles to prevent plugging from grease or cooking particulates. 

Parts for heaters, grids of hair dryers, parts of domestic irons, coffee machines, microwave ovens, cooking appliances. .. 

PPS is used in chemical process plants for gear pumps. It has found application in the automotive sector, in such specific uses as carburetor parts, ignition plates, flow control values for heating systems, and exhaust-gas return valves to control pollution. The material also finds uses in sterilizable medical, dental, and general laboratory equipment, cooking appliance, and hair dryer components. 

A cooking appliance must be controlled by a switch separate from the cooker but in a readily accessible position. Where two cooking appliances are installed in one room, such as split-level cookers, one switch may be used to control both appliances provided that neither appliance is more than 2 m from the switch (On Site Guide, Appendix 8). 

The sources of ignition are shown in Figure 15.6. Out of the 25000 accidental fires in 1999, it shows that cooking appliances and electrical equipment account for 25% of the total. 

It was the requirements of the final users (revealed by opinion polls conducted by Schott itself), as well as the outcome of many discussions with the producers of heating elements, cooking appliances, and other components and with consultants and customers, that were of fundamental importance to all the improvements of cooking appliances and this will certainly not change in the future. 

By 1977 all the well-known European cooking appliance manufacturers had Ceran cooktop panels in their product range. The one millionth cooktop panel was shipped in 1980 the ten-millionth was made in 1989 the twenty million mark was reached in 1993 and in 2002 the total was already over fifty million. 

Ten years after its market launch some 35% of all cooking appliances purchased each year in Germany were fitted with glass ceramic. Nowadays more than 50% of all households in Germany cook on a range with Ceran cooktop panels - that is around eighteen million satisfied households. This successful development very soon spread to other markets as well (Fig. 3.1). In Japan, an Asian core market, the yearly market volume of Ceran cooktop panels averages about five and a half million units. 

After some initial difficulties Schott also managed to convince cooking appliance manufacturers in the USA of the efficiency of the Ceran-Top-System . In reaction to the continuous rise in Ceran cooktop panel exports to North America, the post-processing of Ceran cooktop panels for the North American market was transferred to Vincennes, Indiana, in 1991. 

Still, cooking appliances equipped with Ceran cooktop panels meet all known safety standards and regulations such as EN 60335-2-6, section 16 (maximum leakage current 0.25 mA, no electrical breakdown at 3000 V) or UL 858 (maximum leakage current 0.75 mA, no electrical breakdown at 1000 V). 

Class F - fires that involve cooking mediums such as vegetable or animal oil and fats in cooking appliances. Such fires are particularly difficult to extinguish as they retain considerable heat allowing the chemical reaction to restart. 

For nearly 40 years following the invention of the microwave oven in 1945 during the RADAR project, industrialists and microwave equipment manufactures predicted a rosy future for microwave processing while very few expected that microwave ovens would become popular home appliances and reality was quite different. In fact, industrial microwave food processing has never achieved the success of domestic microwave ovens in which speed and convenience of reheating not cooking appliances were powerful driving forces for consumers. 

The importance of microwave oven sales to the major national markets varies significantly, and these variations appear to be related to cooking habits rather than wealth or economic development. For example, microwaves account for a high of 92.9% of sales of large cooking appliances in South Korea, compared to a low of just 15.5% of sales in Italy. In markets like the US and Canada, the importance of microwaves comes from the popularity of convenience foods. 

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