Animal Fibrous Proteins

Goldrecovery is proposed using animal fibrous proteins such as egg shell membrane, chicken feathers, wool, silk, elastin, and other stable water soluble fibers with high surface area. 

All animal fibrous proteins tested accumulated gold-cyanide ion from aqueous solution. Adsorption was highest at pH 2 accumulations were up to 9.8% of the DW for wool, 8.6% for eggshell membrane, 7.1% for chicken feathers, and 3.9% for other materials. In the case of eggshell membrane, adsorbed gold was desorbed with 0.1 M NaOH and the material can be used repeatedly. Eggshell membrane could remove gold-cyanide ion at concentrations near 1.0p,g/L. 

Health problems are documented for gold miners who worked mainly underground with litUe exposure to elemental mercury in Australia, North America, South America, Europe, and Africa. Major problems examined included life expectancy, cancer frequency, and pleural diseases. Health problems of miners who worked mainly on the surface and with extensive exposure to elemental mercury owing to its use in amalgamating and extracting gold are reported extensively in Chapter 19. 

Australian gold miners are vulnerable to dengue fever (a mosquito-bome acute infectious viral disease characterized by headache, severe joint pain, and rash), silicosis (massive fibrosis of the lungs marked by shortness of breath and caused by inhalation of silica dusts, usually SiOi), and phthisis (a historical term used to describe a wasting condition, possibly pulmonary tuberculosis). 

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Collagen is a rigid, inextensible fibrous protein that is a principal constituent of connective tissue in animals, including tendons, cartilage, bones, teeth, skin, and blood vessels. The high tensile strength of collagen fibers in these struc-... 

Collagen is the most abundant animal protein in the body of animals, where it makes up as much as one-quarter of all the proteins. It is a fibrous protein that provides structure to and protects and supports soft tissues it also connects tissues to the skeleton. Collagen forms, for example, most of the resilient layers that make up the skin and the filaments that support the internal organs. Interwoven with bioinorganic components, collagen also makes up the bones and teeth of vertebrate animals (see Chapter 15). 

Rudall, K., and Kenchington, W. (1971a). Arthropod silks The problem of fibrous proteins in animal tissues. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 16, 73-97. 

Gelatin is derived from the fibrous protein collagen, which is the principal constituent of animal skin, bone, and connective tissue. Fish skin waste could be used as a potential source to isolate collagen and gelatin. Zhu et al. (2010) evaluated the effect of collagen peptides on markers of metabolic nuclear receptors. 

Fibrous proteins represent a substantial subset of the human proteome. They include the filamentous structures found in animal hair that act as a protective and thermoregulatory outer material. They are responsible for specifying much of an animal s skeleton, and connective tissues such as tendon, skin, bone, cornea and cartilage all play an important role in this regard. Fibrous proteins are frequently crucial in locomotion and are epitomised by the muscle proteins myosin and tropomyosin and by elastic structures like titin. Yet again the fibrous proteins include filamentous assemblies, such as actin filaments and microtubules, where these provide supporting structures and tracks for the action of a variety of molecular motors. 

Meat is the muscular tissue of the common domestic animals, considered and used as food for human consumption. Meat is at least a three-phase system consisting of (1) a hydrophilic, but water-insoluble, fibrous protein network, (2) a hydrophobic fat deposit held together by membranes, and (3) an aqueous solution containing many soluble, low molecular weight compounds. 

Food source people must have an adequate supply of nutrient protein with the right balance of amino acids for adequate nutrition Storage of iron in animal tissues Structural and protective components in organisms Strong, fibrous proteins that can contract and cause movement to occur... 

The collagens are a group of common, relatively simple fibrous proteins. They are over 1400 amino acids long, in three chains that are twisted into a tight helix. Approximately one-fourth to one-third of all protein in an organism is usually collagen, and it is the most common protein in vertebrate animals. 

The extracellular matrix is the extracellular part of animal tissues that provides structural support it is the defining feature of connective tissue. Extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between the cells (that is, in the intercellular spaces) it consists of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins, which act as a compression buffer. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of extracellular matrix on which various epithelial cells rest. 

Collagens, the most abundant components of the extracellular matrix, are a family of characteristic fibrous proteins found in all multicellular animals. ... 

Animal hair fibers consist of a protein known as keratin, It has a composition similar to human hair. Keratin proteins are actually crystalline copolymers of nylon, where the repeating units are amino acids. The fibrous proteins form crystals. They also crosslink through disulfide bonds present in the cystine amino acid. 

Silks are partially crystalline protein fibers. Animal tendons consist of collagen, another fibrous protein with a complex hierarchical structure. 

Fibrous proteins serve as the chief structural materials of animal tissues, a function to which their insolubility and fiber-forming tendency suit them. They make up keralin in skin, hair, nails, wool, horn, and feathers collagen, in tendons myosin, in muscle in silk. 

The two major classes of proteins are the fibrous proteins and the globular proteins. Fibrous proteins are distinguished from globular proteins by their filamentous, elongated form. Most of them play structural roles in animal cells and tissues, holding things together. Fibrous proteins have amino acid sequences that favor a particular kind of secondary structure which, in turn, confer particular mechanical properties on the proteins. 

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