Water-soluble fibers

A series of water-soluble fiber-reactive xanthene dyes has been prepared from the reaction of ben2oxanthenedicatboxylic acid anhydride disulfonic acid with, for example, 3-aminophenyl-P-hydtoxyethyl sulfone to yield dyes, with high brilliance and good fastness properties for dyeing of or printing on leather, wool, sHk, or ceUulosic fibers (53). 

Despite these variables, it appears that the primary attribute of soluble fibers that inhibit cholesterol absorption is the ability to form a viscous matrix when hydrated. Many water-soluble fibers become viscous in the small intestine (Eastwood and Morris, 1992). It is believed that increased viscosity impedes the movement of cholesterol, bile acids, and other lipids and hinders micelle formation, thus reducing cholesterol absorption and promoting cholesterol excretion from the body. Consumption of viscous fibers was shown to increase the thickness of the unstirred water layer in humans (Flourie et al., 1984 Johnson and Gee, 1981) and reduce the amount of cholesterol appearing in the lymph of cannulated rats (Ikeda et al., 1989b Vahouny et al., 1988). Turley et al. (1991, 1994) reported that... 

Fanali S, Schudel M (1991) Some separations of black and red water-soluble fiber-tip pen inks by capillary zone electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography. J Forensic Sci 36 1192-1197. 

Chia seed contains 25 0% oil and 18-30% protein. The chia meal is high in protein and fiber similar to flaxseed and soybean (52, 53). Chia seed, oil, and meal can be used as ingredients with high nutritional value for human food and animal feed. Chia seed contains mucilage and water-soluble fiber, may possibly contain lignans, and is similar to flax (53). Trials conducted in 1995 and 1996 showed yield and oil contents to be affected by growing conditions and harvested yields were up to 1500 kg/ha (52). 

Fruit dietary fiber is the product obtained by drying the washed wet pulp (the main by-product of juice industries) that remains after fruit juice extraction. Because fruit dietary fibers contain a high level of pectins as the major water-soluble fibers, they have similar technological functions as isolated pectins (Diepenmat-Wolters, 1993)... 

Goldrecovery is proposed using animal fibrous proteins such as egg shell membrane, chicken feathers, wool, silk, elastin, and other stable water soluble fibers with high surface area. 

Laboratories have consistently reported that neither purified cellulose nor wheat bran have significant cholesterol-lowering effects ( ). From these observations we conclude that the water-insoluble types of polysaccharides have minimal cholesterol-lowering effects. In sharp contrast, purified water-soluble fibers such as pectin and guar have distinct hypocholesterolemlc effects. The cholesterol-lowering properties of water-soluble fibers are shared by fibers from quite diverse sources. Pectins are cell wall constituent of many plants and usually are extracted from citrus products. Oat gum is a gum extracted from oat bran while guar Is a storage polysaccharide extracted from the Indian cluster bean. 

Dietary fibers represent a gronp of carbohydrates, isolable from different plant sources, that are resistant to hydrolysis by enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. They are divided into two groups water soluble fibers, among which the main are the p-glncans and arabinoxylans, and water insoluble fibers, which include lignins, celluloses, and hemicelluloses. 

Although formalization seems to be the easiest way to obtain water-insoluble PVA fiber, it is very difficult to effect a chemical reaction of a water-soluble fiber in an aqueous medium without injuring its fiber structure. It was nevertheless tried with limited success. Fiber obtained by such a procedure is insoluble in boiling water, but it becomes rubbery when the water temperature is raised to 60°C. The hot-water resistance of the fiber reported in 1939 was thus insufficient. Various experiments were subsequently carried out to remove the defect, and it was found that the best method to improve the hot-water resistance was by heat treatment of the PVA fiber before formalization [10]. Thus, the most important problem regarding the suitability of PVA fiber for use as a general-purpose textile fiber was solved. 

For that purpose, disaccharides (cellobiose, lactose, etc.) having a reducing end group, are introduced, in the presence of a reductant, on chitosan in the open-chain form (Yalpani and Hall 1984). These derivatives are water soluble. Fibers made of chitin and chitosan are useful as absorbable structures and wound-dressing materials (Nakajima et al. 1984, Muzzarelli 1997, Ravi Kumar 1999). 

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH or PVA) fiber is a water-soluble fiber when it is reacted with butyraldehyde and formaldehyde. Polyvinyl acetyls can be obtained, which is called artificial cotton. PVA has a melting point of 230°C and 180—190°C for the fuUy... 

Choi, Y., Maken, S., Lee, S., Chung, E., Park, J., Min, B. (2007). Characteristics of water-soluble fiber manufactured from carbox3mietblcellulose synthesis. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 24(2). 

Applications of PVA The largest application of PVA fibers is in paper and non-woven fabrics, where a fraction of water-soluble fiber is often used as a binder. Further applications are in twines, ropes, fabrics (tatami mats), and tarpatdins. Gel-spun , very strong, PVA fibers have become an important replacement for asbestos in cement reinforcement. 

Note Basically, there are two types of fibers water soluble fiber (like oat bran) and non-soluble fiber (like wheat bran). Only soluble fiber is effective in lowering cholesterol. Soluble fiber dissolves in water. 

Among undigestible water soluble fibers, the effect of pectin on plasma cholesterol is well established. In a carefully controlled study of fecal steroids in mildly hypercholesterolemic patients treated with pectin (15 g/day), the plasma cholesterol... 

Gorlitz G, Russ W (2006) Water-soluble fiber reactive dyes, their preparation and their use. US Patent 2006/213016, 28 Sept 2006... 

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