Animal-derived materials

Chapter 1 familiarizes the readers with the prospects of marine organism-derived substances in relation to medicinal value. It covers the present and future prospects of marine organisms. Chapters 2-11 describe the sources of marine bioactives. Individual chapters cover the importance and values of some frequently used marine animal species. Chapters 12-23, cover the medicinal effects of bioactives from marine animals. Chapters 24-29 discuss the value of microbes as medicinal foods. Finally, Chapters 30-32, discusses the applications of marine animals-derived materials in medicinal and nutraceutical industries in relation to human health. 

The FDA has issued a guidance suggesting that animal-derived materials such as egg yolk lecithin, and egg phospholipid) used in drug products, originating from Belgium, France, and the Netherlands between January and June 1999 should be investigated for the presence of dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyls. The contamination in the animal-derived product was probably due to contaminated animal feed. 

In recent years there has been a drive to remove serum, serum proteins and other animal-derived materials from cell culture media, motivated in large part by concerns regarding the potential introduction of adventitious agents. The removal of complex additions such as proteins offers other advantages particularly cost reduction and easier purification of product. In addition, chemical definition of the medium greatly assists process optimization. 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. The mechanism whereby mineral oil hydraulic fluids may enter the blood from the lungs, skin or gastrointestinal tract is not known. In general, mineral oils and other petroleum-derived materials are expected to be absorbed only to a limited extent by the lungs, skin, and the gastrointestinal tract (IARC 1984 Klein and Simon 1986), but data monitoring mineral oil hydraulic fluid components in the blood of animals or humans after exposure were not located. 

Devices incorporating animal-derived tissues, radioactive materials, in vitro diagnostics and devices manufactured in other countries, such as the United States (even those devices that have CE marking) are excluded. 

Initially, at the beginning of the present century, the traditional structure of the earlier perfumes was for the most part retained. "Fresh" natural materials such as bergamot and lemon, in combination with other essential oils, formed a large proportion of the composition, supported by animal and balsamic fixatives. To these were added the newly discovered synthetic and derived materials such as vanillin, coumarin, hydroxycitronellal, vetiveryl acetate, and methyl ionone, to-... 

Animal group Secondary group Type of specimens in natural history collections Derived materials found in museum collections... 

Cholesterol is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material at the levels employed as an excipient. It has, however, exhibited experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects, and mutation data have been reported. Cholesterol is often derived from animal sources and this must be done in accordance with the regulations for human consumption. The risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) contamination has caused some concern over the use of animal-derived cholesterol in pharmaceutical products. However, synthetic methods of cholesterol manufacture have been developed. ... 

---