Andes - Citicoline

The combination of meclofenoxate [51-68-3] and citicoline [987-78-0] h.2is been reported to enhance learning and memory retention in aged rats (22). 

Schabitz WR, Li F, Irie K, Sandage Jr, BW, Locke KW, Fisher M. Synergistic effects of a combination of low-dose basic fibroblast growth factor and citicoline after temporary experimental focal ischemia. Stroke 1999 30 427 31 [discussion 431 22]. 

In rodent stroke models, statin pretreatment has been shown to reduce infarct volumes and improve outcomes. Similarly, several clinical studies have shown that prior statin use reduced the severity of acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Recent studies indicate that beneftt can be achieved even when treatment is initiated after the onset of symptoms. In rodents, atorvastatin and simvastatin have been shown to reduce the growth of ischemic lesions, enhance functional outcome, and induce brain plasticity when administered after stroke onset. A retrospective analysis of the population-based Northern Manhattan Stroke Study (NOMASS) showed that patients using lipid-lowering agents at the time of ischemic stroke have a lower incidence of in-hospital stroke progression and reduced 90-day mortality rates. Retrospective analysis of data of the phase III citicoline trial showed... 

Citicoline (cytidinediphosphate-choline/CDP-choline 26) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine. It has been extensively used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders associated with head trauma, stroke, brain aging, and AD. Studies in mice have indicated a protective effect of citicohne against memory impairment induced by adverse environments. A human study recruited 30 patients with mild to moderate AD in a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial... 

Puglisi, G.,Fresta,M.,La Rosa, C., Ventura, C. A., Panic, A. M., and Mazzonne,A. (1992), Liposomes as potential drag carrier for citicoline (CDP-choline) and the effect of formulation conditions on encapsulation efficiency, Pharmazie, 47, 211-215. 

Cotroneo AM, Castagna A, Putignano S, Lacava R, Fanto F, Monte leone F et al (2013) Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment the IDEALE study. Clin Interv Aging 8 131-137... 

Onal MZ, Li F, Tatlisumak T, Locke KW, Sandage BW, Jr., Fisher M. Synergistic effects of citicoline and mk-801 in temporary experimental focal ischemia in rats. Stroke. 1997 28 1060-1065... 

Alvarez XA, Mouzo R, Pichel V, Perez P, Laredo M, Femandez-Novoa L, Corzo L, Zas R, Alcaraz M, Secades JJ, Lozano R, Cacabelos R (1999) Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer s disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion. Methods Find Exp Qin Pharmacol 21 633-644... 

Barrachina M, Secades J, Lozano R, Gomez-Santos C, Ambrosio S, Ferrer I (2002) Citicoline increases glutathione redox ratio and reduces caspase-3 activation and ceU death in staurosporine-treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res 957 84-90... 

Saver JL (2008) Citicoline update on a promising and widely avtiilable agent for neuroprotection... 

Secades JJ, Lorenzo JL (2006) Citicoline pharmacological and clinical review, update. Methods Find Exp. Clin Pharmacol 28(Suppl B) l-56... 

Citicoline (CDP-choline) is an intermediate in PtdCho biosynthesis. It has been used for the treatment of ischemic and head injuries (Andersen et al., 1999 Dempsey and Rao, 2003). It not only restores the concentration of PtdCho following ischemic injury by increasing PtdCho synthesis from diacylglycerol but also blocks the activation of CPLA2 activity (Adibhatla et al., 2002 Adibhatla and Hatcher, 2003). The... 

Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF (2003) Citicoline decreases phospholipase A2 stimulation and hydroxyl radical generation in transient cerebral ischemia. J Neurosd Res 73 308-315... 

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