And suicide

Aluminide and sUicide cementation coatings such as TaAl on tantalum and MoSi2 on molybdenum oxidize at slow rates and possess some inherent self-repair characteristics. Fine cracks that appear and are common to these coatings can be tolerated because stable, protective oxides form within the cracks and seal them. Thermal cycling, however, accelerates faUure because of thermal expansion mismatch that ultimately dismpts the protective oxide coating. 

Great care must be taken with any suicidal patient receiving an antidepressant Some of these drugs take several weeks to have a therapeutic effect, and suicide is a possibility even if the patient is taking an antidepressant. 

Instructs in signs and symptoms of behavioral changes indicative of therapeutic effectiveness or increasing depression and suicidal tendencies. 

Depression occurring as part of bipolar disorder may be severe and accompanied by ideas of guilt and hopelessness, an inability to function at work because of poor concentration and psychomotor retardation or agitation, poor judgement and suicidal ideation. The lifelong risk of suicide in people with this condition is as high as 15%. Factors associated with suicide risk include alcohol misuse, marital separation or divorce, living alone and unemployment, and these are all common secondary consequences of the illness. 

Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Berghofer A (1999). Antidepressants and suicide risk. J Clin Psychiatry 60 (suppl. 2), 94—9. 

Henry, JA and Rivas, CA (1999) SSRIs and suicide. In Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Past, Present and Future (Ed. Stanford, SC), RG Landes Co., Austin, TX, pp. 95-109. 

To date, clozapine remains the only drug with proven and superior efficacy in treatment-resistant patients, and it is currently the only drug approved for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. Studies have shown a response of approximately 30% to 50% in these well-defined treatment-resistant patients. Clinical trials have consistently found clozapine to be superior to traditional antipsychotics for treatment-refractory patients, and it is efficacious even after nonresponse to other SGAs and in partially responsive patients. It is often rapidly effective even in those who have had a poor response to other medication for years. Recent studies have demonstrated that it has a beneficial effect for aggression and suicidality, which led to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of suicidal behavior in people with psychosis.41... 

Risk of suicidality—Be alert to symptoms of worsening depression and suicidality. 

Kawachi, I., Willett, W., Colditz, G., Stampfer, M. and Speizer, F., A prospective study of coffee drinking and suicide in women. Arch Intern Med 156(5), 521-525,... 

Kramer, T., Lindy, J., Green, B., Grace, M. and Leonard, A., The lombordity of post traumatic stress disorder and suicidality in Vietnam veterans. Suicide and Life Threatening Behaviors 24(1), 58, 1994. 

As nylon and the plastics revolution became a part of modern life, the figure of Carothers receded tragically into the shadows. The horror of his death, the social stigma attached to mental illness and suicide, and prevailing social codes that discouraged the discussion of personal tragedies contributed to an atmosphere of secrecy that surrounded his life. As late as 1979, the Encyclopaedia Britannica credited Father Nieuwland with the discovery of Neoprene. 

Merlin Brubaker (source for vial of poison and suicide threat DVA and explosions) Crawford H. Greenewalt (source for Bolton s focus on 6-6, and Carothers calling Helen Sylvia ) Julian Hill (source for small Midwest colleges Du Pont s... 

Not only has the connection between SSRIs and suicide been well established, but we also have some idea how SSRIs might produce this increased risk. The American psychiatrist Peter... 

Stone, Marc B. and M. Lisa Jones, Clinical Review Relationship between Antidepressant Drugs and Suicidality in Adults (2006) http / /www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ ac/06/briefing/ 2006-4272b1-01-FDA.pdf... 

All fire smoke is toxic. In the past two decades, a sizable research effort has resulted in the development of over twenty methods to measure the toxic potency of those fire smokes (6). Some methods have been based on determinations of specific chemical species alone. Values for the effect (e.g., lethality) of these chemicals on humans are obtained from (a) extrapolation from preexisting, lower concentration human exposure data or from (b) interpretation of autopsy data from accident and suicide victims. The uncertainty in these methods is large since ... 

Mann, J. J., Huang, Y., Underwood, M. D. et al. A serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and prefrontal cortical binding in major depression and suicide. Arch. Gen. Psych. 57 729-738, 2000. 

Mann, J. J. Role of the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of major depression and suicidal behavior. Neuropsychopharm. 21 99S-105S, 1999. 

McBride, P. A., Brown, R. P, DeMeo, M. et al. The relationship of platelet 5-HT2 receptor indices to major depressive disorder, personality traits, and suicidal behavior. Biol. Psych. 35 295-308,1994. 

The FDA has established a link between antidepressant use and suicidality (suicidal thinking and behaviors) in children, adolescents, and young adults 18 to 24 years old. All antidepressants carry a black box warning advising caution in the use of all antidepressants in this population, and the FDA also recommends specific monitoring parameters. The clinician... 

Delusions, hallucinations, and suicide attempts are more common in bipolar depression than in unipolar depression. 

Implications of the prototypic classification method are that categories within the system will possess fuzzy boundaries. Individuals within a category will be somewhat heterogeneous and may not share any common features. In our depression example, a prototypic classification scheme may yield a diagnosis of depression in one patient who shows agitation, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation and the same diagnosis in another patient who shows sadness, fatigue, worthlessness, and decreased appetite. 

The basic strategy in using taxometric procedures is to presume a taxon— for example, depression. Next, we are required to conjecture the presumed taxon s indicators—sadness, anhedonia, and suicidality. Presume and conjecture based on what Clinical experience, intuition, past theory and research. .. it really does not matter. The presuming and conjecturing take place in what Popper (1959) called the context of discovery, where ideas, theories, and hypotheses are developed from any source. The empirical evaluation of these ideas, however, takes place in Popper s context of justification when the question is a taxometric one, the context of justification involves taxometric analyses. 

We have presumed a taxon and some indicators. Next, we take one of these indicators and assign scores to a group of individuals on each indicator (e.g., everyone gets a score from 1 to 7 on sadness, anhedonia, and suicidality), much as one does with the Beck Depression Inventory and similar self-report scales. Finally, we examine the pairwise intercorrelations of the indicators at all possible values of all other indicators. In the depression example, we would examine the correlation of sadness and anhedonia for those who score 1 on suicidality, those who score 2 on suicidality, and so forth, up the scale to those who score 7 on suicidality. Similarly, we would examine the correlation of sadness and suicidality for those who score 1 on anhedonia, those who score 2 on anhedonia, and so forth. This would be continued for all possible combinations of indicators. 

To clarify this further, let us go back through the depression example but in greater detail. Assume we have a reason to conjecture a depression taxon (again, the reason does not matter this is Popper s [1959] context of discovery, not context of justification). Similarly, assume we have other reasons to conjecture valid indicators of this presumed taxon (sadness, anhe-donia, and suicidality). 

Next, in each anhedonia interval we compute the covariance between the other two indicators, sadness and suicidality, which we now call output variables (meaning that their covariance was calculated), as follows ... 

Let us review what we did with the depression example so far. First, we conjectured a taxon and three indicators. Next, we selected one of these indicators (anhedonia) as the input variable and two other indicators (sadness and suicidality) as the output variables. Input and output are labels that refer to a role of the indicator in a given subanalysis. We cut the input indicator into intervals, hence the word Cut in the name of the method (Coherent Cut Kinetics), and we looked at the relationship between the output indicators. Specifically, we calculated covariances of the output indicators in each interval, hence the word Kinetics —we moved calculations from interval to interval. Suppose that after all that was completed, we find a clear peak in the covariance of sadness and suicidality, which allows us to estimate the position of the hitmax and the taxon base rate. What next Now we need to get multiple estimates of these parameters. To achieve this, we change the... 

Here we have three equations and three unknowns ( V stands for validity) by solving them, we find that the validity of anhedonia is fairly high (1.54 SD), but the validities of sadness and suicidality are marginal (1.01 SD and 1.04 SD, respectively). This method can be used when the group assignment is impossible for some reason, or as an additional consistency check. Also, a proposal was made in the literature (Blanchard, Gangestad, Brown,... 

Mood disorders, such as depression, Bipolar Disorder, and suicidal behaviors... 

Another type of obstacle to behavior change is the occurrence of a crisis that threatens to disrupt therapy or threatens the well-being of the client. Frequently, these crises involve extreme emotional responses or mood problems, such as explosive anger and suicidal behavior. In other cases, a crisis might involve a legal situation. The professional will need to respond quickly and effectively to this type of situation in order to defuse it. 

Given the successes of the war on terrorism and the caveats listed above, research on sensors should address near term threats such as metals in weapons, explosives and improvised explosive devices (fEDs), and suicide packs, while continuing to address the longer-term threats of CBRN. 

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