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Traditional Antipsychotics

Although atypical antipsychotic agents may cost several times as much as traditional antipsychotics, drug costs in schizophrenia account for only 1-4% of the total treatment cost (Knapp, 1997). The argument then is that a small increase in drug costs— say to 10% of total cost—may result in disproportionate savings in the highly expensive direct hospital costs, if clinical trial... [Pg.90]

To date, clozapine remains the only drug with proven and superior efficacy in treatment-resistant patients, and it is currently the only drug approved for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. Studies have shown a response of approximately 30% to 50% in these well-defined treatment-resistant patients. Clinical trials have consistently found clozapine to be superior to traditional antipsychotics for treatment-refractory patients, and it is efficacious even after nonresponse to other SGAs and in partially responsive patients. It is often rapidly effective even in those who have had a poor response to other medication for years. Recent studies have demonstrated that it has a beneficial effect for aggression and suicidality, which led to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of suicidal behavior in people with psychosis.41... [Pg.562]

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) Dystonic reactions develop primarily with the use of traditional antipsychotics. EPS has occurred during the administration of haloperidol and pimozide frequently, often during the first few days of treatment. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as NMS has been reported in association with administration of antipsychotic drugs. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, cardiac dysrhythmia). Additional signs may include elevated creatine phosphokinase, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. [Pg.1101]

In the Expert Consensus survey, the respondents endorsed risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine, in that order, followed by high-potency traditional antipsychotics, for managing self-injury. A placebo-controlled study comparing risperidone with a classical antipsychotic, such as haloperidol, could provide valuable data for this field. [Pg.626]

Other traditional antipsychotics Haioperidoi (high potency) (butyrophenone)... [Pg.761]

Traditional antipsychotics are associated with more side effects than newer counterparts, including an in-... [Pg.95]

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome has been associated with clozapine (SEDA-22, 58) (98), although some doubts were expressed about the features of earlier cases. The presentation can be different from that associated with traditional antipsychotic drugs for example, the patient may not develop rigidity or a rise in creatine kinase activity (SEDA-25, 62). In the light of two cases, a 35-year-old man and a 62-year-old woman, the literature was comprehensively reviewed and the characteristics of neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to clozapine and typical neuroleptic drugs were compared (99). Causation with clozapine... [Pg.268]

Tardive dyskinesia Impaired dopamine-synthesizing neurons Traditional antipsychotics Long-term antipsychotic therapy... [Pg.1908]

Lithium is frequently combined with both traditional and atypical antipsychotics in euphoric acute mania with psychotic features. Case reports of neurotoxicity (e.g., delirium, cerebellar dysfunction, extrapyramidal symptoms, and severe tremors) have been reported in elderly patients receiving lithium and traditional antipsychotics. Combining lithium with calcium channel blockers is not recommended because of reports of neurotoxicity and severe bradycardia with verapamil and diltiazem. Acute neurotoxicity and delirium have been reported in patients receiving ECT with lithinm (even at reduced dosages) therefore lithium should be withdrawn and discontinued at least 2 days before ECT and should not be resumed until 2 to 3 days after the last treatment. [Pg.1278]

Although we include clozapine as a newer atypical antipsychotic medication, it does have a long history and in some texts may be listed as a traditional antipsychotic. Known by the brand name Clozaril, clozapine was originally synthesized in 1957 and in 1960 was one of the first antipsychotics released on the European market (Hippius, 1989). It was believed to be more successful than the typical antipsychotics because it did not seem to have the same negative side-effect profiles. Years later, eight documented cases of death were attributed to infections secondary to clozapine-induced agranulocytosis, and the product was withdrawn from unrestricted use (Davis Casper, 1977). Based on later studies that supported the success of clozapine with strict monitoring for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, the FDA approved it in 1990 (Barnes McEv-edy, 1996). [Pg.186]

Akathisia A side effect of the typical or traditional antipsychotic medications that results in an extreme internal sense of restlessness. [Pg.294]

Ciozapine (Clozaril) Antipsychotic mechanism unclear. Blocks dopamine receptors as well as cholinergic, adrenergic, serotonergic histaminergic neurotransmission. Schizophrenia in those whom traditional antipsychotics have failed or have produced intolerable side effects. Very few extrapyramidal side effects. Potent antimuscarinic effects. Agranulocytosis in 2%. No tardive dyskinesia or increased prolactin release. [Pg.44]


See other pages where Traditional Antipsychotics is mentioned: [Pg.562]    [Pg.101]    [Pg.816]    [Pg.68]    [Pg.218]    [Pg.398]    [Pg.761]    [Pg.230]    [Pg.1276]    [Pg.594]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.100]    [Pg.125]    [Pg.659]    [Pg.269]    [Pg.803]    [Pg.52]    [Pg.182]    [Pg.1164]    [Pg.1212]    [Pg.1215]    [Pg.1223]    [Pg.183]    [Pg.184]    [Pg.162]    [Pg.380]   


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