Analytical flame ionisation detector

At a concentration level of lppm sulphur compounds, the analytical error does not exceed 8% for the flame ionisation detector and 12% for the microcoulometric detector, of the given amount of the compound. When analysing solutions with concentrations of... 

Flame ionisation detector and specific detector systems. TLC and HPTLC are fast and versatile analytical techniques and considerable time and energy has been expended to automate the various operational stages. In recent years there have been significant advances in the areas of sample application, solvent delivery, documentation and quantitation. 

Detectors which function by desolvating, i.e. separating the solvent from the eluant, thus allowing subsequent detection by, e.g. flame ionisation detector (FID) or mass spectrometry (MS) of the analyte. 

Current analytical methods for the determination of PAH in environmental samples require the separation of individual compounds, either by thin layer or high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, or better, by gas chromatography on capillary columns, coupled to a flame ionisation detector or a mass spectrometer. Modern thermostable capillary columns will allow the elution of PAH in the molecular weight range above coronene. Prior isolation of PAH as a compound class by liquid-liquid partition and column chromatography is necessary before most of these techniques can be applied. 

Sugar and acids content were determined with gas chromatographic technique (GC-FID, Varian 3400 GC provided with a flame ionisation detector). The analytical procedure was described in detail in hterature [62,63]. Quantification was performed by means of the internal standard method and the calculation of response factor, by repeated injection of multiple standard solutions. Associated uncertainty and recovery of the method were calculated [62] too. 

The flame ionisation detector (FID) has been used in analytical SFC and could be used in preparative SFC by by-passing a very small fraction of the mobile phase flow through to the detector. Obviously the FID could not operate in a largely carbon dioxide atmosphere and would respond to many modifiers. The photoionisation detector (PID) has been used in analytical SFC but is better suited to highly sensitive detection of specific types of compound. 

Element-selective detectors. Many samples, e.g. those originating from environmental studies, contain so many constituent compounds that the gas chromatogram obtained is a complex array of peaks. For the analytical chemist, who may be interested in only a few of the compounds present, the replacement of the essentially non-selective type of detector (i.e. thermal conductivity, flame ionisation, etc.) by a system which responds selectively to some property of certain of the eluted species may overcome this problem. 

Gas chromatography, coupled with flame-ionisation, electron capture (for halogenated species) and mass spectrometric detectors, is the most popular tool for determination of SVOCs in melted snow samples [44]. A prerequisite is the efficient separation of the analytes from the aqueous matrix, which can be accomplished using filtration onto quartz fibre filters and sohd phase extraction [88]. Solid phase micro-extraction, which utilises equihbrium-based adsorption of analytes onto a polymer fibre bundle, has also been proposed and tested in laboratory studies [13, 89]. Both methods allow for an efficient transfer into the injection port of a gas chromatograph without water contamination. Directly coupled inlet sampler with GC-EID instrumentation has also been used [90]. The air sample was pre-concentrated using adsorbents (Carbotrap B, Carbosieve), followed by heating and collection on a cryofocuser (a fused silica capillary tube packed with... 

GC is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. In gas chromatography, the mobile phase is a carrier gas, usually an inert gas such as helium or an unreactive gas such as nitrogen. The stationary phase is a microscopic layer of liquid or polymer on an inert solid support, inside a piece of glass or metal column. Devices reported for simple quantification or aromatic amine peaks in GC include flame ionisation, nitrogen-selective, flame photometric and electron capture detectors. 

The concentration of Irganox 1076 in all low molecular weight solvents was analysed by GC with flame ionisation detection (FID) equipped with an on-column injector. The column used was a 15 m x 0.25 mm id DB5-MS with a film thickness of 0.1 pm (J W Scientific). The analytical column was connected to a 0.5 m x 0.53 mm id retention gap, which was deactivated with a thin film of OV-1701-OH (BGB Analytik). Carrier gas was helium at a constant flow rate of 1.8 ml/min. Samples of 1 pi were injected on-column into the retention gap by an autosampler. The temperature programme of the GC oven was 1 °C under the boiling point of the solvent during injection and held for 1 minute after injection. The temperature was then increased to 150 °C at 15 °C/min followed by an increase at 10 °C/min to 310 C, at which it was held for 1 minute. The FID detector temperature was kept at 315 C. 

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