Analytical equipment, purchase

Analytical equipment, purchase requiring hazard review, 9 Applications, various, CHETAH program, 86... 

Before purchasing expensive analytical equipment, references should be requested from the manufacturer and the experience of other users should be used. 

Share analytical equipment, technicians, and methods. Special laboratory equipment can cost a lot of money and in some cases is not continually used. Specialized equipment purchases can be shared and both companies can reap the benefits of the equipment. A specific example of this would be an NMR spectrometer or a cyclical salt spr apparatus. 

Purchase and maintenance of analytical equipment connected to radon measurement and analysis, including costs of calibration of such equipment. 

Duan, A.L., Wang G.P. Li, YG. 2005. The application of analytic hierarchy process on the bid evaluation of equipments purchase. Computer and Information Technology 12 39 1. 

Acknowledgement is made to the Natural Environment Research Council, London, of a grant received for the purchase of specialised analytical equipment used in trace-element analysis of plant material. 

There are methods available to quantify the total mass of americium in environmental samples. Mass spectrometric methods provide total mass measurements of americium isotopes (Dacheux and Aupiais 1997, 1998 Halverson 1984 Harvey et al. 1993) however, these detection methods have not gained the same popularity as is found for the radiochemical detection methods. This may relate to the higher purchase price of a MS system, the increased knowledge required to operate the equipment, and the selection by EPA of a-spectrometry for use in its standard analytical methods. Fluorimetric methods, which are commonly used to determine the total mass of uranium and curium in environmental samples, have limited utility to quantify americium, due to the low quantum yield of fluorescence for americium (Thouvenout et al. 1993). 

On-line size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) analyses were performed with a Waters Model 401 differential refractometer (DR), a Waters Model 480 ultraviolet (UV) variable wavelength spectrophotometer and a Foxboro Miran lA infrared (IR) photometer, equipped with a zinc selenide ultramicro flowcell of 1.5 mm nominal pathlength and 4.5 /xl volume, purchased from the same supplier. A set of ten Mycrostyra-gel (Waters Associates) columns, regenerated by Analytical Sciences Inc. (ASI) and of nominal porosities 100, 500 (two) 10 (two), 10 (three), 10 and lO X, in the order given and a mobile phase flow rate of 1 ml/min was used. The column set had a specific resolution of 19.7 in 1,4-dioxane, as determined by the method of Yau(2). 

The information in this chapter applies specifically to the first element sample preparation. The sample preparation steps are usually the most tedious and labor-intensive part of an analysis. By automating the sample preparation, a significant improvement in efficiency can be achieved. It is important to make sure that (1) suitable instrument qualification has been concluded successfully before initiation of automated sample preparation validation [2], (2) the operational reliability of the automated workstation is acceptable, (3) the analyte measurement procedure has been optimized (e.g., LC run conditions), and (4) appropriate training in use of the instrument has been provided to the operator(s). The equipment used to perform automated sample preparation can be purchased as off-the-shelf units that are precustomized, or it can be built by the laboratory in conjunction with a vendor (custom-designed system). Off-the-shelf workstations for fully automated dissolution testing, automated assay, and content uniformity testing are available from a variety of suppliers, such as Zymark (www.zymark.com) and Sotax (www.sotax.com). These workstations are very well represented in the pharmaceutical industry and are all based on the same functional requirements and basic principles. 

The TDU equipment (commercially available from Gerstel GmbH, Miilheim an der Ruhr, Germany) is fully automated and connected on-line to a GC equipped with a programmable temperature vaporizer (PTV) injector for simultaneous cryotrapping of the analytes before injection. Another approach for analyte desorption is to place the stir bar in a small volume of a conventional HPLC liquid (or mobile phase) for HPLC analysis. The SBSE stir bars are trademarked as Twisters they can also be purchased from Gerstel. For more detailed information on SBSE technology, the reader is referred to two recent review articles.44 45... 

A final comment on tandem techniques. For routine analytical work with forensic overtones, tandem systems can be essential. For the ad hoc occasion when solute confirmation is necessary, fraction collection followed by the usual spectroscopic examination will often give results that will be at least as reliable and probably more precise. In addition, the equipment will certainly be less expensive to purchase and maintain. 

C. A. Lucy, How to Succeed in Analytical Chemistry A Bibhography of Resources from the Literature, Talanta, 51 (2000) 1125. Surveys the hterature for advice on how to purchase equipment, how to write a manuscript, and how to get a job in analytical chemistry. 

The innovator must be supported to the maximum extent possible by staff and facilities. By this, I don t mean that he/she needs six assistants when one or two are enough, and the latest model electron microscope is usually not required when the model purchased five years ago has been updated with necessary auxilary equipment. But it is certainly counterproductive to understaff the innovator s work and unconsciously force him/her to apply his/her talent to devising supportive measures that are more readily supplied by an (or another) assistant. Supportive equipment, since it often involves significant capital outlay, is another matter but I suggest that it is prudent to provide the best equipment the company can afford to provide maximum information and shortest possible response time in supportive functions like analytical or instrument service. After all, time is nearly always the most vital commodity in any research or development project - earlier completion means a plant on stream... 

Most companies that manufacture analytical instruments and automated sample prep equipment display drawings and in some cases schematic diagrams on their respective Web Sites. The traditional company glossy brochure or bulletin is rapidly disappearing It is important to consider instrument specifications when anticipating purchase and to carefully evaluate whether these specifications satisfy the objectives of TEQA. 

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