Ammonium permanganate

There have been two studies of the vacuum decomposition of NH4Mn04, the results of which differ in a number of important respects. Bircumshaw and Tayler s preparation [974] exploded in the temperature range 343—384 K unless reactant self-heating was reduced by immersion of the salt in an inert oil. Pavlyuchenko et al. [975] describe the reaction as slow between 343 and 363 K, very fast at 369 and explosive at 

UV pre-irradiation [976] increased the rate of NH MnC decomposition at 351 K up to a maximum, followed by a decrease in rate with a further exposure. A similar maximum was observed for samples which had been aged for various times. These effects are ascribed to partial decomposition with the formation of products which, at low concentration, accelerate decomposition but at higher concentrations increase the stability of the reactant by effectively opposing self-heating during reaction. 

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A mixture of 0.5% of potassium permanganate with an ammonium nitrate explosive caused an explosion 7 h later. This was owing to formation and exothermic decomposition of ammonium permanganate, leading to ignition. 

Ammonium dichromate Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate Ammonium permanganate Ammonium persulfate Amyl nitrate Barium bromate Barium chlorate Barium hypochlorite Barium perchlorate Barium permanganate Barium peroxide Bromine pentafluoride Bromine trifluoride l-Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH)... 

Experimental studies of the oxidative cleavage of cinnamic acid by acidic permanganate [35] resulted in secondary kinetic isotope effects, kn/kp, of 0.77 (a) and 0.75 (P), while another paper from the same group on the same reaction with quaternary ammonium permanganates [36] reported very different isotope effects of 1.0 (a) and 0.91 - 0.94 (P) depending on the counterion. Different mechanisms were discussed in the literature [37, 38] to explain the variety of experimental results available, but the mechanistic issues were unresolved. The reported activation energy for the oxidation of... 

Ammonium nitrate, 4522 Ammonium permanganate, 4518 Ammonium peroxodisulfate, 4576 Antimony pentachloride, 4184 Barium chlorite, 0204... 

Typical preparation of quaternary ammonium permanganate salts... 

The mechanism [26] of the oxidation of non-terminal aikynes by quaternary ammonium permanganates to give vicinal diketones [e. g. 18, 27] has been studied. Normally, terminal aikynes are totally oxidized in acetic acid to carboxylic acids [13, 27, 28] using a procedure analogous to 10.2.4. 

Alkenes have been oxidized to 1,2-diols (>90%) by catalytic amounts of the ammonium periodate in the presence of osmium, and stoichiometric amounts of the periodate cleave the diols to produce the dicarbonyl derivatives (>80%) [23,30]. The procedure appears, however, to be less effective than with the quaternary ammonium permanganate. 

Table V. Second Order Rate Constants (M ) for the Oxidation of Methyl Cinnamate by Quaternary Ammonium Permanganates ...

The internal vibrations of the MnOi ion seem to be influenced less by the cations than other metal-oxygen vibrations [see(705)]. For example, the isotypical potassium-, rubidium-, cesium-, and ammonium permanganates have practically the same vi and vz frequencies. The difference observed in the case of AgMn04 is explained in Ref. 83). By the large cations, such as tetraphenylarsonium and tetraphenylphosphonium, the vz band is very sharp and well defined. Since these vz bands are not spht as expected it can be concluded that the anion... 

Ammonium Permanganate. See under Manga-nates, Permanganates, etc... 

Ammonium permanganate, NH4Mn04, has distinct marked explosive properties, but it is unstable. Decomposition and alteration of the appearance of the compound can be discerned within 1-2 days, and within a few weeks its explosive properties are lost. This is probably due to the decomposition of ammonium permanganate, in accordance with the reaction ... 

The temperature of initiation is reported by different authors to be 110-130°C. Bircumshaw and F. M. Taylor [49] have examined the thermal decomposition of ammonium permanganate between 96 and 117°C. The activation energy of this decomposition was estimated as 27.9 kcal/mole. Within the temperature range from 70 to 80°C the energy of activation was 26.0 kcal/mole. An explosive decomposition brought about by an initiator procedes according to the reaction ... 

Ammonium permanganate detonates with a rate of 1700 m/sec. It causes an expansion of 100-125 cm3 in the lead block test. 

Ammonium permanganate is of no practical importance as an explosive. However, its spontaneous formation should be avoided, otherwise an explosion such as one that occurred in a German plant (Roburit Fabrik) at Witten, in 1906, may take place. 0.5% of potassium permanganate was added to an ammonium nitrate explosive, Roburit. Seven hours later self-ignition of the product occUfred, followed by an explosion. 

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