Ampicillin, solution preparation

Prepare a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask for transfer by adding 25 mL of sterile LB medium and 0.1 mL of the ampicillin solution. Transfer 0.1 mL of the overnight culture (from step 1) to the flask. Incubate at 37°C with vigorous shaking. At various time periods, remove 1-mL aliquots of the culture, transfer to a cuvette, and determine the cell density by measuring the absorbance at 600 nm. 

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-gel spheres with chitosan (PVA-GS/Ch) or without chitosan (PVA-GS) were prepared to control the GI transit time of drugs, and their particles were 5-10 pm [26]. PVA-GS/Ch displayed a longer small-intestinal transit time than PVA-GS. The transit rate was considered to decrease by the adhesion of chitosan to the intestinal mucus layer. PVA-GS/Ch and PVA-GS were loaded with theophylline and ampicillin. These released the drugs in a similar manner. The drugs were released almost completely at 4 h after the start of the release test. Both the gel spheres containing theophylline exhibited a bioavailability similar to that of the theophylline solution. Also, the bioavailability of ampicillin was greater in PVA-GS/Ch than in the PVA-GS and ampicillin solution the bioavailability of PVA-GS/Ch was approximately 150% of that of ampicillin solution (Table 3.2). As theophylline is rapidly absorbed in... 

Grow up overnight, at 37°C, a 20-mL culture of transformed E. coli JMlOl, in freshly prepared Luria broth containing 40 pL of the ampicillin solution 2. Inoculate 1 L of Luna broth containing 2 mL of the ampicillin solution with the aforementioned culture Incubate for 60-80 min at 30°C until an absorbance of 0.2 at 600 nm is attained Add 5 mL of the nalidixic acid solution to induce the expression of CRBP and continue the incubation at 30°C up to an absorbance of 0.85/1 0 at 600 nm... 

For the semiquantitative determination of ampicillin polymers in ampicillin bulk preparations (13), a separation on TLC silica plates has been recommended. The solvent consisted of 1-butanol/for-mic acid/water (80 3 1) the standard solutions of ampicillin sodium, penicilloic acid of ampicillin, and di-, tetra-, hexa-, and octamers of ampicillin were prepared in 0.05 M citrate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 10 pg/ml to 30 pg/ml. The spotting volume was Ipl, the migration distance 15 cm. Visualization, after drying, was effected by spraying with 1 % starch solution/acetic acid/0.1 N iodine solution (100 8 1). / y values were ... 

Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. Each liter contains 10 g Bacto-tryptone, 5 g Bactoyeast extract, and 10 g NaCl. Adjust to pH 7.5 with NaOH. Ampicillin. A solution of the sodium salt is prepared in water (25mg/mL) and sterilized by passage through a microfilter (e.g., a 0.22 H Millipore filter). Store the solution in a freezer. 

Dopamine is degraded by alkaline preparation and is incompatible with sodium bicarbonate solutions, furosemide, ampicillin, amphotericin, gentamicin sulfate, cephalothin sodium, oxacillin sodium, and thiopentone sodium. Percussion or excessive heat may cause an explosion with undiluted erythrityl tetranitrate. Care must be exercised to avoid contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes when handling ethacrynic acid. Sodium ethacrynate solutions are incompatible and less stable at very high pH, below pH 5, and at higher temperatures. 

Prepare the inoculation medium as follows Using sterile technique, withdraw 10 ml from the growth medium described above and place it in a sterile growth tube. Add 0.5 ml of sterile uracil from the previous paragraph to bring the inoculation medium to 30 p-g/ml. Add 150 fig ampicillin per ml of the medium by adding 30 gd of a 50-mg/ml solution of ampicillin in H20, which has been filter-sterilized. Grow and harvest the bacteria as described in the protocol for Experiment 9. 

A procedure for preparing a homogenous chitosan-amine oxide gel was reported [ 134]. The swelling behavior and release characteristics of the gel were studied in buffer solution (pH 7.4) at room temperature [135-137]. Homogeneous erosion of the matrix and nearly zero-order release of ampicillin trihydrate were observed [136]. The thermal properties of chitosan-amine oxide gel were also reported in subsequent studies [138]. 

Lubke, C., et al. (2000), Imprinted polymers prepared with stoichiometric template-monomer complexes Efficient binding of ampicillin from aqueous solutions, Macromolecules, 33, 5098-5105. 

Two formulations, for ampicillin and cimetidine tablets, that have been developed on a laboratory scale, are given in Table 173 as examples for the use of copovidone in the binder solution granulation. It is also highly suitable for producing preparations such as multivitamin granules [368 c]. 

However, at zero buffer concentration the maximum stability was shifted to a pH of 5.85. Ampicillin was stable in solutions at pH 3 - 9 when stored for 24 hours at 5°C and 25°C. Ampicillin was unstable in solutions at pH 10 when stored at above conditions. Bundgaard demonstrated a metastable intermediate in iso-meration of penicillin to penicillenic acid in aqueous solutions. The degradation of ampicillin trihydrate in solution is greatly influenced not only by pH, but also by the types of buffer salts used j. 2-Amino-2 (hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (Tris) buffer of pH 7 is highly deleterious to the stability of ampicillin, but not at pH 5.0. Citrate presents a converse pattern in that ampicillin is relatively stable at pH 7 but not so at pH 5. Phosphate is intermediate in action but tends to resemble the Tris pattern. Jacobson and Russo-Alesi prepared ampicillin trihydrate solutions at a concentration of 5 mg/ml by dissolving it in buffer solutions of pH 5.0 or pH 7.0 prepared from O.lM sodium acetate and acetic acid and in buffers of pH 8.0 or pH 8.8 prepared from O.lM 2-amino-2 (hydroxy methyl)- ,... 

A number of studies have highlighted the degradation of residues during frozen storage, including P-lactam antibiotics in milk ampicillin in pig muscle chlortetracycline in incurred pig muscle, liver, and kidney " sulfamethazine in incurred pig muscle and bovine milk and gentamicin residues in egg. The EU validation criteria require that stability be determined for the analytes in matrix and in solution at various stages of the sample preparation process. Preferably, incurred tissue should be used otherwise... 

The polymers isolated from ampicillin and benzylpenicillin solutions have further been shown to give wheal and flare reactions in a number of penicillin allergic patients, all of whom have given skin reactions also to a penicilloyl-polylysine conjugate (JuHLiN et al. 1977). Finally, a limited clinical study by Parker and Richmond (1976) has indicated that the use of so-called polymer-free ampicillin may reduce the incidence of certain exanthematic adverse reactions to ampicillin preparations. 

Obtain the following individual penicillin standards (Sigma) and prepare 1-mg/ ml solutions of each in methanol ampicillin, penicillin G, methicillin, oxacillin, and cloxacillin. 

This exercise can also be done on Whatman LKCigF, 20 X 20-cm preadsorbent plates (Whatman TLC Technical Series, Volume 3). The six individual penicillins are prepared as 1-mg/ml solutions in methanol, and 5 pi of each sample is applied to separate origins on the plate. The mobile phase is methanol-H20-1% NaHC03 (45 55 0.8), and the plate is developed for a distance of 10 cm from the origin in a glass tank that has been preequiUbrated with the mobile phase for 10 min. Time of development is about 70 min. The spots are detected with iodine vapor and the approximate Rf values of the separated penicillins are as follow cloxacillin, 0.18 oxacillin, 0.22 penicillin G, 0.34 methicillin, 0.41 ampicillin, 0.66 and 6-aminopenicillinic acid, 0.82. 

LB-arapicillin/X-gal/IPTG agar plates Prepared as in step 4 except that 160 pL of X-gal solution and 200 pL of IPTG are added along with ampicillin. 

Ampicillin prepare stock solution from sodium salt in water with final concentration of 100 mg/mL. Store aliquots at -20 °C. Make sure having the ampicillin sodium salt ... 

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