Ampicillin polymers

H. Bundgaard, C. Larsen, Polymerization of Penicillins. IV. Separation, Isolation and Characterization of Ampicillin Polymers Formed in Aqueous Solution , J. Chromatogr. 1977, 132, 51-59. [Pg.247]

Smith and Marshall (1971) have also investigated the structure of polymers formed in aqueous solutions of 6-APA and ampicillin. From 14-day-old 25% W/V solutions of the sodium salts of these compounds 1.6% (ampicillin) and 3.4% (6-APA) of polymeric substances were isolated. The analytic data for the ampicillin polymer ( =4.1) were reported to be consistent with the structure suggested by... [Pg.44]

On the basis of the established structure of ampicillin polymers and from kinetic investigations of the decomposition of ampicillin in aqueous solution, including an examination of the influence of pH and ampicillin concentration on the... [Pg.46]

In the studies reporting on the immunologic and especially the eliciting properties of ampicillin polymers, which are described subsequently, a mixture of polymeric materials has apparently been used and no individual dimers and polymers have yet been tested. A priori the dimer molecule should be expected to be a poor elicitor of penicilloyl-specific reactions because it contains only one penicilloyl group. In contrast, the tetramer with its three penicilloyl groups might be expected... [Pg.48]

In addition to being formed upon standing of ampicillin solutions, ampicillin polymers may arise during the production of the drug and its pharmaceutical prep-... [Pg.51]

Ahlstedt S, Kristofferson A, Svard PO, Thor L, Ortengren B (1976) Ampicillin polymers as elicitors of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 51 131-139... [Pg.67]

Veltman G (1959) Zur Kenntnis des Adalinexanthems. Z Haut Geschlkrh 27 11 Walsh JR, Zimmerman HJ (1953) The demonstration of the L.E. -phenomenon in patients with penicillin hypersensitivity. Blood 8 65 Watts JC (1962) A fatal case of erythema multiforme exsudativum (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) following therapy with Dilantin. Pediatrics 30 592 Webster AW, Thompson (1974) The ampicillin rash lymphocyte transformation by ampicillin polymer. Clin Exp Immunol 18 553 Weirich EG (1957) Das Pyrazolonexanthem. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1011 Welsh AL (1961) The fixed eruption. Thomas, Springfield... [Pg.161]

Reactive derivatives and degradation products benzylpenicillenic acid, benzyl-penicilloic acid in aged penicillin solutions penicillin (especially ampicillin) polymers... [Pg.227]

Fig.8a-c. Structure of benzylpenicillin, 6-APA, and ampicillin polymers, a Benzylpenicillin (Smith and Marshall 1971) b 6-APA (Smith and Marshall 1971) c Ampicillin (Smith 1970 Smith and Marshall 1971)... [Pg.436]

It has repeatedly been demonstrated that ampicillin polymers are good elicitors of PC A reactions in guinea pigs passively sensitized with antipenicilloyl antibodies (Dewdney et al. 1971 Ahlstedt et al. 1976 Dewdney 1977). In this case, the antibody specificities revealed appear to be essentially penicilloyl, since the reactions elicited by the polymers are fully inhibited by benzyl-epsilon-aminocaproic acid (Dewdney 1977). [Pg.438]

Still, a number of questions on ampicillin rash remain open. The role of protein impurities has been pointed out (Knudsen et al. 1970). Both experimentally (Shal-TiEL et al. 1971 Batchelor and Dewdney 1968) and clinically (Knudsen et al. 1970 Parker and Richmond 1976), it has been claimed that purification of ampicillin would markedly reduce the frequency of rash. However, the rash is also observed with ampicillin preparations where the side chain splitting from 6-APA has been achieved by chemical means (A. L. de Weck, unpublished work). The role of ampicillin polymers, which are now available in isolated form (Bundgaard 1978), should be reinvestigated. [Pg.446]

Bundgaard H, Larsen C (1977) Polymerization of penicillins. IV. Sepraration, isolation and characterization of ampicillin polymers formed in aqueous solution. J Chromatogr 132 51... [Pg.467]

Watson KC, Joubert SM, Bennett MA (1961) Some factors influencing the hemagglutination of penicillin-sensitized erythrocytes. Immunology 4 193 Webster AW, Thompson RA (1974) The ampicillin rash. Lymphocyte transformation by ampicillin polymer. Clin Exp Immunol 18 553 Weidemiiller HL, Ziegler W (1970) On the proteinaceous impurity of penicillin. Arzneim Forsch 20 585... [Pg.481]

For the semiquantitative determination of ampicillin polymers in ampicillin bulk preparations (13), a separation on TLC silica plates has been recommended. The solvent consisted of 1-butanol/for-mic acid/water (80 3 1) the standard solutions of ampicillin sodium, penicilloic acid of ampicillin, and di-, tetra-, hexa-, and octamers of ampicillin were prepared in 0.05 M citrate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 10 pg/ml to 30 pg/ml. The spotting volume was Ipl, the migration distance 15 cm. Visualization, after drying, was effected by spraying with 1 % starch solution/acetic acid/0.1 N iodine solution (100 8 1). / y values were ... [Pg.447]

Additional information on the remarkably high rash rate in patients with mononucleosis infectiosa and other lymphatic diseases is given in several recent publications (19 --21 ). In one of them it was found that 15 out of 17 children with infectious mononucleosis developed rash 5—10 days after the beginning of ampicillin therapy (19 ). Since highly purified ampicillin preparations without proteinaceous material are available, ampicillin polymer is now suspected to be at least partly responsible for the ampicillin rash. The polymer does have a weak stimulating action on lymphocytes. In circumstances of altered cell function, such as occur in infectious mononucle-... [Pg.198]

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