Ammonium acid formate nitrate

Ammonium nitrate is manufactured by reacting ammonia with nitric acid. Consider the process shown by Fig. 9.19. First, namral gas is reformed and converted into hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen and nitrogen are separated an fed to the ammonia synthesis plant. A fraction of the produced ammonia is employed in nitric acid formation. Ammonia is first oxidized with compressed air then absorbed in water to form nitric acid. Finally nitric acid is reacted with anunonia to oduce ammonium nitrate. 

Plumes from biomass burning can also have unique signatures. For example, organics, ammonium, potassium, sodium, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, chloride, phosphate, elemental carbon, and the anions of organic acids (formate, acetate, oxalate, etc.) have all been measured in particles in the plumes from burning vegetation (e.g., see Cofer et al., 1988 Andreae et al., 1988 and Artaxo et al., 1994). 

Synonym Ammonia Water Amfbnioformaldehyde Ammonium Acetate Ammonium Acid Fluoride Ammonium Amidosulfonate Ammonium Amidosulphate Ammonium Benzoate Ammonium Bicarbonate Ammonium Bichromate Ammonium Bifluoride Ammonium Carbonate Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Citrate Ammonium Citrate, Dibasic Ammonium Decaborate Octahydrate Ammonium Dichromate Ammonium Disulfate-Nickelate (II) Ammonium Ferric Citrate Ammonium Ferric Oxalate Trihydrate Ammonium Ferrous Sulfate Ammonium Fluoride Ammonium Fluosilicate Ammonium Formate Ammonium Gluconate Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfide Solution Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Hypo Ammonium Hyposulfite Ammonium Iodide Ammonium Iron Sulfate Ammonium Lactate Ammonium Lactate Syrup Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate Ammonium Molybdate Ammonium Muriate Ammonium Nickel Sulfate Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Nitrate-Urea Solution Ammonium Oleate... 

Synonym Neatsfoot Oil Necatorina Nechexane Neutral Ahhonium Pluoride Neutral Anhydrous Calcium Hypochlorite Neutral Lead Acetate Neutral Nicotine Sulfate Neutral Potassium Chromate Neutral Sodium Chromatetanhydrous Neutral Verdigris Nickel Acetate Nickel Acetate Tetrahyorate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Hexahydrate Nickel Bromide Nickel Bromide Trihydrate Nickel Carbonyl Nickel Chloride Nickel Chloride Nickel Cyanide Nickel Iiu Fluoborate Nickel Fluoroborate Solution Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Formate Nickel Formate Dihyorate Nickel Nitrate Nickel Nitrate Hexahydrate Nickel Sulfate Nickel Tetracarbokyl Nickelous Acetate Nickelous Sulfate Nicotine Nicotine Sulfate Nifos Nitralin Nitram O-Nitraniline P-Nitraniline Nitric Acid Nitric Acid, Aluminum Salt Nitric Acid, Iron (111) Salt Compound Name Oil Neatsfoot Carbon Tetrachloride Neohexane Ammonium Fluoride Calcium Hypochlorite Lead Acetate Nicotine Sulfate Potassium Chromate Sodium Chromate Copper Acetate Nickel Acetate Nickel Acetate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Nickel Bromide Nickel Bromide Nickel Carbonyl Nickel Chloride Nickel Chloride Nickel Cyanide Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Formate Nickel Formate Nickel Nitrate Nickel Nitrate Nickel Sulfate Nickel Carbonyl Nickel Acetate Nickel Sulfate Nicotine Nicotine Sulfate Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate Nitralin Ammonium Nitrate 2-Nitroaniline 4-Nitroaniline Nitric Acid Aluminum Nitrate Ferric Nitrate... 

Acetyl- and 3-benzoylisoxazoles 389 (and isoxazolines) have been prepared by one-pot reactions of alkynes (and alkenes) with ammonium cerium(iv) nitrate (CAN(lv)) or ammonium cerium(lll) nitrate tetrahydrate (CAN(m))-formic acid, in acetone or acetophenone. These processes probably involve 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides produced via nitration of the carbonyl compound by cerium salts. The existence of nitrile oxides as reaction intermediates was proved by the formation of the dimer furoxan 390 when the above reaction was carried out in absence of any dipolarophile (Scheme 95) <2004T1671>. An analogous improved procedure has been applied to alkynyl glycosides as dipolarophiles for the preparation of carbohydrate isoxazoles <2006SL1739>. 

Color reactions Boric acid (hydroxyquinones). Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (pyrroles). Ferric chloride (enols, phenols). Haloform test. Phenylhydrazine (Porter-Silber reaction). Sulfoacetic acid (Liebermann-Burchard test). Tetranitromethane (unsaturation). Condensation catalysts /3-Alanine. Ammonium acetate (formate). Ammonium nitrate. Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride. Boric acid. Boron trilluoride. Calcium hydride. Cesium fluoride. Glycine. Ion-exchange resins. Lead oxide. Lithium amide. Mercuric cyanide. 3-Methyl-l-ethyl-2-phosphoiene-l-oxlde. 3-Methyl-1-phenyi-3-phoipholene-1-oxide. Oxalic acid. Perchloric acid. Piperidine. Potaiaium r-butoxIde. Potassium fluoride. Potassium... 

Therefore, only 0.5 mol of ammonium sulfate per mol of hydroxylamine is then produced in the subsequent neutralization with ammonia. This is half as much as in the Raschig process. Complete elimination of ammonium sulfate formation characterizes a process introduced in 1970 by Stamicarbon [118,119]. This process involves catalytic hydrogenation of nitrate ions on Pd-C in a phosphoric acid ammonium hydrogen phosphate buffering system ... 

Sir Joseph Swan, as a result of his quest for carbon fiber for lamp filaments (2), learned how to denitrate nitrocellulose using ammonium sulfide. In 1885 he exhibited the first textiles made from this new artificial sHk, but with carbon fiber being his main theme he failed to foUow up on the textile possibihties. Meanwhile Count Hilaire de Chardoimet (3) was researching the nitrocellulose route and had perfected his first fibers and textiles in time for the Paris Exhibition in 1889. There he got the necessary financial backing for the first Chardoimet silk factory in Besancon in 1890. His process involved treating mulberry leaves with nitric and sulfuric acids to form cellulose nitrate which could be dissolved in ether and alcohol. This collodion solution could be extmded through holes in a spinneret into warm air where solvent evaporation led to the formation of soHd cellulose nitrate filaments. 

Qualitative. The classic method for the quaUtative determination of silver ia solution is precipitation as silver chloride with dilute nitric acid and chloride ion. The silver chloride can be differentiated from lead or mercurous chlorides, which also may precipitate, by the fact that lead chloride is soluble ia hot water but not ia ammonium hydroxide, whereas mercurous chloride turns black ia ammonium hydroxide. Silver chloride dissolves ia ammonium hydroxide because of the formation of soluble silver—ammonia complexes. A number of selective spot tests (24) iaclude reactions with /)-dimethy1amino-henz1idenerhodanine, ceric ammonium nitrate, or bromopyrogaHol red [16574-43-9]. Silver is detected by x-ray fluorescence and arc-emission spectrometry. Two sensitive arc-emission lines for silver occur at 328.1 and 338.3 nm. 

RDX. Gilpin Winkler (Ref 38b) measured a heat of nitration of — 88.0kcal/mole of hexa-mine for the reaction of hexamine with 97.5% nitric acid. They also obtained a value of — 140kcal/mole of hexamine for the formation of RDX from hexamine and Bachmann reagents (acetic anhydride, acetic acid, ammonium nitrate and nitric acid). Incidentally, Gilpin Winkler interpret their results to mean that hexamine dinitrate is an intermediate in the direct nitrolysis of hexamine to give RDX, while hexamine mononitrate is an intermediate in the Bachmann process of producing RDX... 

The military explosives RDX and HMX are manufactured from the 3 components using the Bachman process. Some of the possible mixtures may lead to fires in open vessels and explosions under confinement, and the exothermic and other effects (some calculated by the CHETAH program) for a wide range of mixtures are presented as ternary diagrams. It was also found that acetic anhydride layered onto solutions of ammonium nitrate in nitric acid exploded, owing to formation of acetyl nitrate. 

Cr-ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by solid-state reaction from different chromium precursors (acetate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate and ammonium dichromate) were studied in the selective ammoxidation of ethylene to acetonitrile. Cr-ZSM-5 catalysts were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR (1500-400 cm 1), N2 physisorption (BET), 27A1 MAS NMR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, NH3-TPD and H2-TPR. For all samples, UV-Visible spectroscopy and H2-TPR results confirmed that both Cr(VI) ions and Cr(III) oxide coexist. TPD of ammonia showed that from the chromium incorporation, it results strong Lewis acid sites formation at the detriment of the initial Bronsted acid sites. The catalyst issued from chromium chloride showed higher activity and selectivity toward acetonitrile. This activity can be assigned to the nature of chromium species formed using this precursor. In general, C r6+ species seem to play a key role in the ammoxidation reaction but Cr203 oxide enhances the deep oxidation. 

Chemical/Physical. Under atmospheric conditions, the gas-phase reaction of o-xylene with OH radicals and nitrogen oxides resulted in the formation of o-tolualdehyde, o-methylbenzyl nitrate, nitro-o-xylenes, 2,3-and 3,4-dimethylphenol (Atkinson, 1990). Kanno et al. (1982) studied the aqueous reaction of o-xylene and other aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, w and p-xylene, and naphthalene) with hypochlorous acid in the presence of ammonium ion. They reported that the aromatic ring was not chlorinated as expected but was cleaved by chloramine forming cyanogen chloride. The amount of cyanogen chloride formed increased at lower pHs (Kanno et al., 1982). In the gas phase, o-xylene reacted with nitrate radicals in purified air forming the following products 5-nitro-2-methyltoluene and 6-nitro-2-methyltoluene, o-methylbenzaldehyde, and an aryl nitrate (Chiodini et ah, 1993). 

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