Ammonium acid formate

AMMONIUM FORMATE HCOONH4, and also Ammonium Acid Formate. 

Ammonium nitrate is manufactured by reacting ammonia with nitric acid. Consider the process shown by Fig. 9.19. First, namral gas is reformed and converted into hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen and nitrogen are separated an fed to the ammonia synthesis plant. A fraction of the produced ammonia is employed in nitric acid formation. Ammonia is first oxidized with compressed air then absorbed in water to form nitric acid. Finally nitric acid is reacted with anunonia to oduce ammonium nitrate. 

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 242 Amic acid ammonium salt, polyimide cyclization via, 305 Amic acid formation, 301 Amidation reaction scheme, 151 Amide-amide interchange reaction, 158 Amide concentration, in polyamides, 139-141... 

In water, hydrogen cyanide and cyanide ion exist in equilibrium with their relative concentrations primarily dependent on pH and temperature. At pH <8, >93% of the free cyanide in water will exist as undissociated hydrogen cyanide (Towill et al. 1978). Hydrogen cyanide is hydrolyzed to formamide which is subsequently hydrolyzed to ammonium and formate ions (Callahan et al. 1979). However, the relatively slow rates of hydrolysis reported for hydrogen cyanide in acidic solution (Kreible and McNally 1929 Kreible and Peiker 1933) and of cyanides under alkaline conditions (Wiegand and Tremelling 1972) indicate that hydrolysis is not competitive with volatilization and biodegradation for removal of free cyanide from ambient waters (Callahan et al. 1979). 

Oxidation of SO2 to SO3 Ammonia oxidation to NO Sulfuric acid formation Ammonium bisulfate formation ... 

Plumes from biomass burning can also have unique signatures. For example, organics, ammonium, potassium, sodium, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, chloride, phosphate, elemental carbon, and the anions of organic acids (formate, acetate, oxalate, etc.) have all been measured in particles in the plumes from burning vegetation (e.g., see Cofer et al., 1988 Andreae et al., 1988 and Artaxo et al., 1994). 

A new synthesis of cr-substituted and a,a-disubstituted a-amino acid derivatives based on the ammonium ylide formation/[2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement has been recently reported by Clark s group.Decomposition of a-diazo -keto ester 153 was studied in detail with Rh2(OAc)4, Cu(acac)2, and Cu(hfacac)2 as the catalyst. Cu(acac)2 and Cu(hfacac)2 gave similar results, but Rh2(OAc)4 turned out less effective (Equation (23)). 

Synonym Ammonia Water Amfbnioformaldehyde Ammonium Acetate Ammonium Acid Fluoride Ammonium Amidosulfonate Ammonium Amidosulphate Ammonium Benzoate Ammonium Bicarbonate Ammonium Bichromate Ammonium Bifluoride Ammonium Carbonate Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Citrate Ammonium Citrate, Dibasic Ammonium Decaborate Octahydrate Ammonium Dichromate Ammonium Disulfate-Nickelate (II) Ammonium Ferric Citrate Ammonium Ferric Oxalate Trihydrate Ammonium Ferrous Sulfate Ammonium Fluoride Ammonium Fluosilicate Ammonium Formate Ammonium Gluconate Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfide Solution Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Hypo Ammonium Hyposulfite Ammonium Iodide Ammonium Iron Sulfate Ammonium Lactate Ammonium Lactate Syrup Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate Ammonium Molybdate Ammonium Muriate Ammonium Nickel Sulfate Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Nitrate-Urea Solution Ammonium Oleate... 

Tartrate Ammonium tartrate [CAS 3164-29-2] (NH4)2C4kLOb. white solid, moderately soluble, formed by reaction of NH4OH and tartaric acid, and then evaporating. Used in the textile industry ammonium hydrogen tartrate, ammonium bitartrate, ammonium acid tartrate NH4HC4H4CX , white solid, slightly soluble, formation sometimes used in detection of ammonium or tartrate. 

The performance of the FBI can be enhanced by the use of (volatile) additives, such as ammonium acetate, formate, or oxalate, to the mobile phase [92]. They are assumed to act as carriers. Similarly, the use of additives with structures related to the target analyte structures, e.g., phenoxyacetic acid in the analysis of chlorophenoxyacetic acids, was evaluated as well [93]. The carrier effects, exerted by either mobile-phase additives, coeluting compounds, and/or isotopically-labelled standards, is not really understood from a mechanistic point of view. It caimot be applied to consistently enhance the performance for some compounds it works fine, while for others no effects are observed. 

Amination Ammonium acetate (formate). Chloramine. Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid. 

Color reactions Boric acid (hydroxyquinones). Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (pyrroles). Ferric chloride (enols, phenols). Haloform test. Phenylhydrazine (Porter-Silber reaction). Sulfoacetic acid (Liebermann-Burchard test). Tetranitromethane (unsaturation). Condensation catalysts /3-Alanine. Ammonium acetate (formate). Ammonium nitrate. Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride. Boric acid. Boron trilluoride. Calcium hydride. Cesium fluoride. Glycine. Ion-exchange resins. Lead oxide. Lithium amide. Mercuric cyanide. 3-Methyl-l-ethyl-2-phosphoiene-l-oxlde. 3-Methyl-1-phenyi-3-phoipholene-1-oxide. Oxalic acid. Perchloric acid. Piperidine. Potaiaium r-butoxIde. Potassium fluoride. Potassium... 

Directions (a) Saturate 10 c.c. of ammonium hydroxide solution with sodium chloride in a large test tube by adding an excess of the salt, shaking the mixture vigorously, and then filtering out the undissolved remainder. Set up a generator for carbon dioxide as in Experiment 38 6, and pass the gas into the solution until a heavy precipitate is obtained. Filter out the precipitate and dry it by pressing it between sheets of filter paper. (1) What is this substance (2) Write two equations for the reactions which takes place and cause the formation of the precipitated substance. (3) What caused the second reaction to take place (4) Why is not a solution of ammonium acid carbonate used to produce this reaction with a solution of sodium chloride ... 

Therefore, only 0.5 mol of ammonium sulfate per mol of hydroxylamine is then produced in the subsequent neutralization with ammonia. This is half as much as in the Raschig process. Complete elimination of ammonium sulfate formation characterizes a process introduced in 1970 by Stamicarbon [118,119]. This process involves catalytic hydrogenation of nitrate ions on Pd-C in a phosphoric acid ammonium hydrogen phosphate buffering system ... 

In 1974, SNIA revealed a further modification of this process that resulted in eliminating ammonium sulfate formation [129]. In this modified process, the product of the reaction between cyclohexane carboxylic acid and nitrosyl sulfuric acid is slightly diluted with water and treated with an alkylphenol to extract the caprolactam, which is then purified by distillation. The sulfuric acid is mixed with a fuel and thermally cracked to sulfur dioxide, which is recycled into the process. 

APCI is mostly done by means of protonation or deprotonation. If gas-phase basicity or acidity is too low for these acid-base reactions, the association with ammonium ions, formate ions, or acetate ions can be used to generate sample ions. Many samples do not have polar functional groups required for such ion-molecule reactions. 

Because formic acid has a A a of 1.8 x 10 , the pH of a formic acid/formate buffer would be around 4, whereas the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer would be around pH 7 and the ammonium/ammonia buffer around 10. Thus, we can calculate the [H30 ] and pH of a formic acid/formate buffer that uses 0.1 M solutions of the weak acid and... 

Study of liquid and membrane extraction processes is a matter of primary importance for intensive development of extraction, separation, and concentration methods of different nature substrates, especially such valuable ones as rare and scattered metals. They are used in metalluigy for production of special cast iron grades, steel, and nonferrous metals alloys. Rare earth metals (REM) additives increase quality of metalluigical products improve such properties as shock resistance, viscosity, and corrosion resistance. Such materials are used particularly in aerospace industry. A conventional extraction process of rare earth metals from such solutions comes down to chemical deposition with oxalic acid or ammonium carbonate, formation of oxalates or metals carbonates and further washing, filtration, and calcination to oxides that then are dissolved in hydrochloric acid and separated. - Researches that were carried out during the last years have demonstrated that liquid and membrane extraction processes are the most promising methods of extraction, concentration, and separation of rare and scattered metals ions." ... 

Notice that salt formation, though very favorable, is nonetheless reversible. Upon heating, a slower but thermodynamically favored reaction between the acid and the amine can take place. The acid and the amine are removed from the equilibrium, and eventually salt formation is completely reversed. In this second mode of reaction, the nitrogen acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon. Completion of an addition-elimination sequence leads to the amide. Although it is convenient, this method suffers from the high temperatures required to reverse ammonium carboxylate formation. Therefore, better procedures rely on the use of activated carboxylic acid derivatives, such as acyl chlorides (Chapter 20). 

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