Bachman process

The military explosives RDX and HMX are manufactured from the 3 components using the Bachman process. Some of the possible mixtures may lead to fires in open vessels and explosions under confinement, and the exothermic and other effects (some calculated by the CHETAH program) for a wide range of mixtures are presented as ternary diagrams. It was also found that acetic anhydride layered onto solutions of ammonium nitrate in nitric acid exploded, owing to formation of acetyl nitrate. 

In view of the practical application of solutions of ammonium nitrate in nitric acid in the Koffler-Bachman process for the manufacture of Cyclonite (Vol. III.)... 

The earlier process for making RDX consisted of reacting hexamine (hexamethylenetetramine) or its dinitrate salt with 98-100 per cent nitric acid. The yields of this method are not good because the formation of RDX is accompanied by the formation of formaldehyde, which is oxidized by the nitric acid. Greatly improved yields (70-80 per cent) can be obtained by means of the Bachman process, which employs hexamine, 98 per cent nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, and acetic anhydride. In the Bachman process a by-product having the structure I is also formed in yields up to 10 per cent. The mechanism of these reactions is not thoroughly understood. 

Gomberg-Bachman process, involving the initial homolysis of the diazohydroxide form (129) into R, Nj, and OH. ... 

Karas M., Bachman D., Bahr U., and Hillenkamp F. (1987), Matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption of non-volatile compounds, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion. Process. 78, 53-68. 

Bachman, George 0., Geologic Processes and Cenezoic History Related to Salt Dissolution in Southeastern New Mexico,... 

Karas M, Bachman D, Bahr U, Hillenkamp F. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Process 1987 78 53. 

A. Bachman and T. Kiefhaber, Apparent two-state tendamistat folding is a sequential process along a dehned pathway. J. Mol. Biol. 306, 375-386 (2001). 

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