Aminotransferases alanine aminotransferase

Alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase (alanine aminotransferase) and glutamate-a-ketoglutarate aminotransferase (glutamate aminotransferase) catalyze the transfer... 

Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, y-glutamyl transferase, and bilirubin may be elevated in patients with hepatobiliary disease. 

Hepatocellular damage manifests as elevated serum aminotransferases [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)]. The degree of transaminase elevation does not correlate with the remaining functional metabolic capacity of the liver. An AST level two-fold higher than ALT is indicative of alcoholic liver damage. 

Current nutritional intake Complete blood cell count Serum electrolytes Sodium Potassium Chloride Bicarbonate Magnesium Phosphorous Calcium Serum glucose Serum albumin Markers for organ function Liver function tests Alkaline phosphatase Aspartate aminotransferase Alanine aminotransferase Total bilirubin Prothrombin time or International normalized ratio Renal function tests Blood urea nitrogen Creatinine Fluid balance Input Oral... 

Liver function tests Alkaline phosphatase Aspartate aminotransferase Alanine aminotransferase Total bilirubin Prothrombin time or International normalized ratio (as necessary)... 

Alkaline phosphatase 5 -Nudeotidase fGlutamyltransferase Aspartate aminotransferase Alanine aminotransferase Lactate dehydrogenase... 

Hepatic Effects. Liver function tests (serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase) completed in 11 hexachloroethane workers were within the normal range (Selden et al. 1994). Plasma hexachloroethane levels in these workers, who wore protective equipment, were 7.3 + 6.04 pg/L at the time of the tests (Selden et al. 1993). Mild skin and mucous membrane irritation were reported in the exposed group, suggesting that exposure may have been through either the inhalation or dermal routes of exposure. 

Elevated activities of liver enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase) were found in the serum of rats exposed continuously to 26 ppm phenol vapor for 15 days (Dalin and Kristoffersson 1974). Increased concentration of these enzymes in serum is often associated with liver injury but is not conclusive evidence for the type or severity of injury. Therefore, 26 ppm can be considered a less serious LOAEL in rats. Serum levels of... 

The hepatotoxicity produced by acute carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury was found to be inhibited by essential oil from fennel, as evidenced by decreased levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (Ozbek et al., 2003). 

The selection of which enzyme to measure in serum for diagnostic or prognostic purposes depends on a number of factors. An important factor is the distribution of enzymes among the various tissues, shown, for example, for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatine kinase in Figure 8-14. The main enzymes of established clinical value, together with their tissues of origin and their major clinical applications, are listed in Table 8-3 (see also Chapter 21). 

Giannini E, Risso D, Botta F, Chiarbonello B, Fasoli A, Malfatti F, et al. Vafidity and clinical utility of the aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase ratio in assessing disease severity and prognosis in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease. Arch Intern Med 2003 163 218-24. 

Blood biochemistry (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein)... 

H56. Howie, A. F., Spencer, E., and Beckett, G. J., Measurement of plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glutathione S-transferase during and post-sedation by low-dose isoflurane or nidazolam. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 38, 476-479... 

When the reaction occurs as shown in Eqn. 3, the enzyme nomenclature system currently in vogue uses only the name of the unique amino acid to specify an aminotransferase, e.g. aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, etc. etc. 

Aminopeptidase, cytosol Aminopeptidase, leucine Aminopropyltransferase, putrescine Aminotransferase Aminotransferase, alanine Aminotransferase, aspartate Aminotransferase, glutamate-glyoxylate Aminotransferase, ornithine-keto acid Aminotransferase, serine-glyoxylate Ammonia... 

There was no evidence of apoptosis in the hearts of mice injected with toxic doses of yessotoxin, and no signs of myo- or hepato-toxicity, as indicated by normal plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase [67],... 

Myoglobinuria. Elevated serum activities of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Increased serum level of light myosin chain. Serum urea and creatinine levels normal... 

In mice (average animal weight 187 g) intramuscularly administered 1 ml of a chloroform extract of quassia daily for 15 days, no changes in bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, or hemoglobin levels were observed (Parveen et al. 2003). 

Amino acid metabolism A artate aminotransferase Alanine aminotransferase Cysteine aminotransferase Tyrosine aminotransferase Leucine aminotransferase Alanine-ketoacid aminotransfoase Ornithine-ketoacid aminotransferase A artate carbamoyl transferase Methionine adenosyl transferase Glutamate decarboxylase Glutamate dehydrogenase Serine hydroxymethyltransferase Aminoacyl-sRNA synthetases... 

Liver A 27-year-old man developed jaundice and mild right upper abdominal discomfort after taking over-the-counter ranitidine for intermittent epigastric pain and heartburn for 3 days [46 ]. He had increased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkatine phosphatase, activities, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ferritin, iron saturation, and prothrombin time. Abdominal CT showed a 6-mm stone in the gallbladder. Percutaneous liver biopsy showed ntild portal inflammation with predominantly small lymphocytes and mild lobular inflammation with a few eosinophils and... 

A 25-year-old man presented to a walk-in clinic with tea-colored urine and fatigue. He had taken Exilis for less than 3 weeks, and after taking it for 1 week he had developed nausea, vomiting, aches, and fever. His serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin were 1394 U/1, 2362 U/1, and 180 pmol/1 (10.5 mg/dl) respectively. He underwent cadaveric liver transplantation. 

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