Aminotransferase, L-alanine

The patient is started on fluconazole 400 mg/day, but 3 days later has persistent fever and develops hypotension and decreased urine output. Blood cultures reveal a germ tube-negative yeast growing in the blood. Laboratory studies revealed a white blood cell count of 12,300/mm3 (12x109/L), aspartate aminotransferase 68 IU/L (1.13 pKat/L), alanine aminotransferase 75 IU/L (1.25 pKat/L), alkaline phosphatase 168 IU/L (2.8 pKat/L), and normal bilirubin. Serum creatinine is 1.8 mg/dL (159 pmol/L). 

Biochemical data for his serum were as follows total bilirubin 99.2 pmol/L (normal is 3.4-20.5 pmol/L) conjugated bilirubin 15-4 pmol/L (normal is 0-6.8 pmol/L) alanine aminotransferase 125 U/L (normal is 0-40 U/L) and lactate dehydrogenase 570 U/L (normal is 120-250 U/L). 

Twenty-three patients had abnormal liver function. The median alkaline phosphatase was 97U/L, alanine aminotransferase was 33U/L, aspartate aminotransferase was 28U/L, total bilirubin was 11/rmol/L, gamma glutamyltransferase was 35U/L, and total protein was 79g/L. Within the patient population, the treatment groups (i.e., nelfinavir alone or nelfinavir plus ritonavir) were homogeneous. 

Affinity chromatography of L-alanine aminotransferase at different temperatures... 

Hepatic Effects. Liver function tests (serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase) completed in 11 hexachloroethane workers were within the normal range (Selden et al. 1994). Plasma hexachloroethane levels in these workers, who wore protective equipment, were 7.3 + 6.04 pg/L at the time of the tests (Selden et al. 1993). Mild skin and mucous membrane irritation were reported in the exposed group, suggesting that exposure may have been through either the inhalation or dermal routes of exposure. 

One case where enzymatic involvement is documented is that of (R)-a-fluoro-/3-alanine (11.42), itself the major (>80%) metabolite of 5-fluoroura-cil (11.16) in humans. With rat liver homogenates, it was demonstrated that mitochondrial L-alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase II (AlaAT-II, EC 2.6.1.44) catalyzed the defluorination of (R)- and (S)-a-fluoro-/3-alanine with catalytic efficiencies of 0.038 and 0.050 mM"1 s 1 at 37° and pH 7.0, respectively, [76], The primary product of the reaction was jS-aminoacrylate... 

Patients receiving IFN experience side effects similar to influenza symptoms headache, nausea and tiredness. IFN also decreases red blood cells, white blood cells and platelet counts. A measure of the effectiveness of IFN treatment is the marker called alanine aminotransferase in blood. The normal range is 10-70 U/L. 

Numerous groups have described the use of d-AAO in a variety of combinations with other agents and in a variety of processes. Cheng and Wu, in the context of a biotransformation of DL-aspartic acid to L-alanine, in which the key reaction works only with L-Asp, removed residual D-Asp with d-AAO and converted the resulting oxaloacetate into L-Asp by including L-aspartate aminotransferase (r-AspAT) in the reaction mixture (Scheme 1). 

This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of an w-amino acid with pyruvate to produce L-alanine and an aldehyde-containing carboxyhc acid. See Lysine 6-Aminotransferase Ornithine Aminotransferase... 

This enzyme [EC 2.6.1.58], also referred to as phenylala-nine(histidine) aminotransferase, catalyzes the reversible reaction of L-phenylalanine with pyruvate to produce phenylpyruvate and L-alanine. This enzyme will also use L-histidine and L-tyrosine as substrates. In the reverse reaction, L-methionine, L-serine, and L-gluta-... 

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE y-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE l-SELENOCYSTEINE 13-LYASE d-ALANINE-d-ALANINE LIGASE ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE... 

Haider, M., and Segal, H.L. (1972). Some characteristics of the alanine-aminotransferase and arginase-inactivating system of lysosomes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 148, 228-237. 

Lindblom, P., Rafter, I., Copley C., Andersson, U., Hedberg, J., Berg, A.L., Samuelsson, A., Hellmold, H., Cotgreave, I. and Glinghammar, B. (2007) Isoforms of alanine aminotransferases in human tissues and serum-differential tissue expression using novel antibiotics. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 466, 66-77. 

Liver dysfunction. In a 4-year study in 1221 liver dysfunction-free (serum aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] <39 lU/L and no medical care for or no past history of liver disease) males aged 35-56 years, was investigated for the association of coffee consumption with the development of increased serum AST and/or ALT activities. From the analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method, the estimated incidence of serum AST and/ or ALT > 40 lU/L, > 50 lU/L, and > 60 lU/ L decreased with an increase in coffee consumption. From the Cox proportional haz-... 

E. Therapeutic response A randomized trial compared treatment with PEG-Intron, once weekly, to treatment with Intron A (interferon alfa-2b), three times weekly, in 1219 previously untreated adults with chronic hepatitis from HCV infection. Patients were treated for 48 weeks. Response to treatment was defined as undetectable HCV RNA (less than 100 copies per ml) and normalization of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at 24 weeks post-treatment. Response rates to the l.Opg/kg PEG-Intron doses and to Intron A were 24% and 12%. Patients receiving PEG-Intron with viral genotype 1 had a response rate of 14%, while patients with other viral genotypes had a 45% response rate. 

Intraperitoneal injection of male Charles-Foster rats with 0.2 mL of a 5 mmol/L toluene solution on alternate days for 30 days resulted in slight increases of serum aspartate- and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (Rana Kumar, 1993). 

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